Competent speech: how to make your speech beautiful. How to develop speech and learn to speak beautifully

Grammatically correct speech- pledge life success. After all, they are judged not only by clothes, but also by the ability to correctly convey thoughts and write correctly. A person who knows how to express his thoughts simply, concisely and clearly, correctly build sentences, is always perceived more positively. Interlocutors, listening to competent speech, automatically assign a completely different, higher level of life competence to a person.

Have you ever lost or lost a job due to a large number mistakes in writing or the need to clearly explain why you are the right person for the job? The development of competent speech is one of the basic tasks of every self-respecting person. Even if you are not performing in front of an audience, the ability to speak beautifully and clearly is appreciated by everyone. So, how to develop literate speech?

Read fiction

Reading quality fiction can hardly be called a waste of time. AT modern world we are exposed to a very large flow of information, mostly listening to the news or reading it on the Internet. But the web, entertainment reading and business literature cannot replace good books recognized domestic and foreign authors.

Reading novels helps to intuitively make correct, beautiful sentences, develops a sense of language. Reading fiction, science articles in special editions, a person expands his horizons and vocabulary. If you want to make speech more lively, figurative - read poetry. Set aside rhythm, metaphors and speech turns that you would like to use.

Use Dictionaries

Look for new words. If you have heard or read a word whose meaning is unfamiliar to you, feel free to take a dictionary and find out what it means. The origin of words is very interesting science. What if it becomes one of your hobbies?

In addition to the usual dictionary, there are dictionaries of metaphors, foreign words, special terms, even dictionaries dedicated to a particular science. Use everyone - and your vocabulary will grow rapidly. You can always find the most accurate word and apply it in a conversation.

Play educational games

As you know, children receive almost all the knowledge about the language until the age of seven. Literate speech in a child develops with the help of the people around him. There are also many games and techniques that allow you to develop your imagination, expand your vocabulary and learn how to speak beautifully.

If possible, listen to yourself from the outside. Make an audio or video recording of your voice. If you are afraid to speak into the recorder or get an inaccurate result, ask someone close to record you during a normal conversation.

Assess your speech. Competent speech is always clean from everything superfluous. How accurately did you communicate your message to others? Was she understandable? Could it have been shorter, clearer, clearer? Are you pausing where you shouldn't? Are you building sentences correctly? Do your thoughts get confused, do you jump from thought to thought, confusing your listeners?

Watch for accents. Incorrect stresses (ringing, blinds and other tricky words, of which there are many in the Russian language) betray an illiterate and ill-mannered person. There are two ways out: do not use these words or open a dictionary, textbooks and memorize them firmly.

Edit what you've written

Wrote a letter, a message to a friend, a report to the management or an artistic essay? Whatever it is, review the text as carefully as possible and try to give it a critical assessment. This is a great speech exercise. If you practice "cleaning" the letter, very soon you will see the result. Besides, Speaking will change a lot too!

When you've written something, try to "switch" to something else (at least go and make yourself a cup of tea), then return to the text with a "fresh" eye. Imagine that this is someone else's text. Does it have any errors? How accurate is the thought? Is everything clear to you as an outside reader? Is it possible to formulate this idea more clearly and concisely?

Correct speech and competent speech is always bright, expressive and understandable. Get rid of words that do not carry any semantic load. Often they take up a third of the text, from which your thought definitely loses. If you can use a simpler and shorter word - use it. You can also try reading aloud (be sure to do this if you are preparing a speech that you will give).

Develop your voice

For communication, not only grammatically and lexically literate speech is important. Good manners of communication also include command of the voice. If you have applied all the techniques outlined above, but at the same time express your thoughts in a monotonous voice, devoid of any intonation, listening to you will be unpleasant and not very interesting.

It is worth developing your voice. Do the exercises, listen to the speakers and try to repeat after them. Sign up for a speaking class. Even with little effort, the results will please you, and your interlocutors will stop yawning.

Results

Literate speech is not given from birth. You need to work on this constantly, throughout your life. But even if you devote quite a bit of effort and time to the development of your speech, reading will become your good habit - more interesting and successful life you are guaranteed.

Throughout the development of mankind, the ability to speak correctly, beautifully, aroused admiration. The names of great speakers have survived to this day: Cicero, Plato, Aristotle, Demosthenes. They were great orators, thinkers, philosophers.

The ability to speak correctly is more necessary than ever for a modern person. hundreds modern professions, require to correctly formulate thoughts, clearly state the topic that is important to convey to the listener.

Professions that require communication with a person, a group of people, an audience: lawyers, sales managers, politicians, teachers and teachers. This list goes on.

To be able to master the word, to master the art of persuasion, to speak competently, clearly, interestingly, so that every word reaches the listener - these are the principles of the art of speaking beautifully.

How to achieve this? There are three main principles, the observance of which will allow to achieve success in this direction:

1. Clear pronunciation of words (diction).
2. Speech technique, content.
3. Large vocabulary.

Imagine a person who does not pronounce some of the letters. It is impossible to understand what he is talking about, the meaning of what was said is lost. Remember the phrase of the famous speech therapist played by Rolan Bykov. “I live on Kievskaya Street, and she lives on Kievskaya (Kirovskaya)”. Pronounce each vowel and consonant in a word clearly, clearly.

In addition to obvious speech defects, there are pronunciation errors that do not decorate speech and make it less convincing.

These include:

1. Incorrect pronunciation of unstressed sounds.
2. Loss in the pronunciation of individual consonants.
3. "Eating" vowel sounds.
4. Indistinct pronunciation of hissing sounds.
5. Incorrect combination of sounds.
6. Incorrect pronunciation of soft sounds.

This is due to the peculiarities of pronunciation in the area where the person lives. You need to correct diction with a speech therapist. You can arrange and take private lessons.

It's important to know! To learn how to pronounce letters correctly, work on articulation - relaxation of the facial muscles.

A significant condition is the pace of speech. Fast talking man chattering, so it's hard to understand what he's saying. To fix this, speak the text slowly. For example, count to one hundred, pronounce a list of names, cities. By doing this, regularly pronouncing the words in sequence: direct and reverse.

Develop speech, replenish vocabulary. This is done only by reading the literature. You need to read a lot. Preferably classical literature - a sample of literate speech.

Make it a rule to read two or three pages aloud a day, always with expression. Watch classic productions: films, performances. There is no other way to improve vocabulary.

Beautiful speech: lessons and exercises

You can learn to speak correctly and beautifully on your own. This requires daily practice. Consider five exercises that help the development of speech.

Write down and repeat words with matching consonants: platoon, colander, swagger, and so on.

Learn by heart and repeat tongue twisters that combine difficult-to-pronounce consonants.

Say sayings with difficult to pronounce consonants R and S. At first, read slowly, pronouncing each word. Gradually increase the speed of pronunciation.

Take a sentence and, while repeating, emphasize each word in turn. "The student did the exercise correctly." First, emphasize the first word, then the second, third, fourth. Watch how the meaning changes.

After taking a short breath, as you exhale, clearly pronounce the consonant sounds (aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa. Then, while exhaling, count to five, clearly pronouncing the numbers.

Fast way

When speaking, try to be concise. Do not use words that you do not know the meaning of, so as not to seem ridiculous.

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Correct, beautiful speech is one of the main features that characterize a developed, cultured person. Unfortunately, it should be noted that in our time such speech has noticeably lost ground. However, you can learn to speak beautifully and correctly.

How to learn to speak beautifully

Brevity, clarity, literacy are the foundations of correct and beautiful speech

People have forgotten how to speak correctly and beautifully (for a variety of reasons, starting with the general decline of culture in the 90s of the last century). This needs to be re-learned. At least because such a speech not only characterizes a person positively, but also helps him communicate with other people, achieve success in work and personal life. Imagine such a situation. You communicate with a person who uses vulgar, slang words. Would you like to continue the conversation with him? Of course not.

Not all people are given oratory. However, with the desire and diligence, almost every person can learn to speak beautifully and correctly. Moreover, the Russian language is exceptionally rich. It makes it possible with the utmost clarity and figurativeness to describe any object, to characterize any person, to express an attitude towards a particular event, natural phenomenon, work of art, etc. With the help of its features, you can emphasize the slightest nuances, shade this or that detail, a character trait. In this respect, few languages ​​can compare with Russian.

It is not at all necessary that such a description or expression be verbose. After all, a speech that is too long, even beautiful and figurative, tires the listeners, and sometimes can cause irritation. As a result, the expected effect of spoken words will not be achieved.

Therefore, it should be remembered that one of the main requirements for the correct and beautiful speech, is short. We must move quickly to main point question, without delaying the introduction, without being distracted by extraneous details. Then you will be listened to attentively, and your arguments will have their due effect.

Of course, in this case, one should not go to the opposite extreme, following the example of the ancient Spartans, who became famous for their brevity. She's pretty good too

You need to speak clearly and convincingly. Whatever the conversation is, the words of the speaker should be clear to any person, even those who do not have high level intellect. The whole effect of the speech will be lost if the listeners keep trying to understand: “What does he mean?” Therefore, one should not use specific terms that are familiar only to a narrow circle of specialists, for example. It is also necessary, if possible, to refrain from too frequent use of foreign words. After all, in most cases it is quite possible to replace them with Russian counterparts.

And, of course, you need to speak correctly. A very unpleasant impression is made by a person who makes mistakes in stress or uses words incorrectly. For example, the whole effect of a persuasive and beautiful speech can be spoiled by the word "lay" instead of the word "lay". In the same way, the head of the company, making mistakes in stress when pronouncing the words “agreement”, “kilometer”, is unlikely to inspire respect and trust among business partners.

Make it a rule: as little jargon as possible. They are quite acceptable when communicating in a narrow circle or in in social networks but not in public speech.

Moreover, try in every possible way to avoid rude, vulgar expressions (not to mention obscene ones). They are not in the best way characterize the person who uses them

And rightly so. Read the works of these masters and after a while you yourself will notice that your vocabulary has been enriched, and you want to speak, imitating their heroes.

Attend performances based on the works of masters classical literature or watch them on TV. It will also help you learn correct and beautiful speech.

You can also read an explanatory Russian dictionary and write out the words you like the most. But remember that some of them may be unfamiliar to your listeners, so try not to use them when communicating with opponents.

Any communication between people is always based on words. By what and how you say, people around you make an impression: friends, bosses, colleagues, and even the seller in the grocery store.

Therefore, competent speech and the ability to control it - essential skill any modern man. In one of the previous articles, I talked about the ability to listen and hear, and today I will give a few simple tips About, how to improve your speech.

2. Stop swearing

No, of course, if your main interlocutors are street gopota, then without masterful juggling swear words not enough. But when communicating with normal people, swearing is an indicator of a low cultural level. Few people like to communicate with a person who cannot express their emotions in competent Russian.

3. Rough jargon is your enemy

Jargon and literate speech are two almost incompatible concepts. Almost - because the jargon is different. Of course two system administrator they will understand each other much faster if they use “switch” rather than “network switch” in their speech, but in other cases it is better to call things by their proper names. Particularly annoying semi-criminal and "badonkaff" slang - it's unpleasant and uninteresting. Rid your speech of these harmful expressions. Say it like it is: “we got there quickly, because we were lucky - the green signal was on at the traffic lights, ”instead of“ epta, we can finally smell it all the way here on the green. ”

4. Brevity is the sister of talent

If you can express the essence of your thought in two sentences, then there is absolutely no need to “spread it along the tree”. Competent speech involves the ability to express yourself concisely and to the point. But be careful when the situation requires detailed clarification, it is better to spend a few minutes on additional explanations than to be misunderstood. Learn also the rules of cultural communication.

5. Vary your speech depending on the situation.

Your boss won't like it. if they call him in person “Vitek”, and a friend, to the appeal “Vyacheslav Leonidovich ...”, heard from you, will at best twist his finger at his temple. Learn to speak with the interlocutor in “the same language”, and communication will be more productive.

6. Stop apologizing all the time

Many people have a habit of building their phrases in an apologetic tone in advance. It seems to them that in this way they will quickly arouse the disposition towards themselves. This is not true. Confident, straightforward (within moderate, of course, limits) speech will affect the interlocutor much better than “It’s not very convenient for me to ask, but maybe you will agree ...”, etc. Be more confident and assertive.

7. Watch out for recoil

8. Expand your vocabulary

Read more literature (“lady detectives” and free jokes” do not count) and try to identify any interesting speech turns or phrases, memorize them. Also make it a rule to open at least a couple of times a week orthographic dictionary and find there unknown to you or little used words. But be careful with this advice - use new phrases only in the necessary context. When a person, to the question “what are you doing tonight?”, answers: “I am doing a siesta”, it looks at least silly (for those who are not in the know, a siesta is an afternoon rest”).

9. Study specialized literature

If you want not only to improve the literacy of your speech, but to become a truly skilled speaker, then you cannot do without good, specialized literature. Which? Personally, in this regard, I really like the materials of Radislav Gandapas - without unnecessary water and really to the point. I can also recommend the book “Secrets of Stylistics” by the authors I. Golub and D. Rosenthal.

What are we learning today?
Surely you have repeatedly heard recommendations for speakers to speak brightly, expressively, emotionally. Easy to say! But what exactly needs to be done to make the speech bright, expressive and emotional?
I offer you far from the only and not exhaustive, but nevertheless a simple and effective recipe for how to make your speech figurative, expressive, bright, strong, beautiful, convincing and even emotional. The recipe is elementary. It's called "Various Vocabulary".
I suggest that you, with the help of exercises, expand your "speaker's horizons" and make friends with unusual words, phraseological units and winged expressions.

The words

Exercise: "I liked it"
The purpose of the exercise: to diversify your usual positive assessments and ways of expressing joy, delight, pleasure, thereby making your statements more interesting for others. But in a simple way, I want to hear from you, as speakers, something other than “It was cool” and “Shit”. The exercise can be performed both in the company and on your own.
Please remember what you recent times really, really liked it. What touched and impressed you. It can be anything: a book, a movie, a game, a dish, a dance step, an event, an unusual or beautiful thing, an idea, a business idea, a natural phenomenon. Anything you wish.
Then, we take turns saying out loud what we liked. And with the help of a few words, we share our delight with others. the main task: to say from the heart, but as far as possible do not repeat the words and expressions spoken before you.
For example:

• I liked the concert of the legendary American band KORN. It was long-awaited, very cheerful and unforgettable.
• I liked how the Trinity Bridge was decorated by May 9, often alternating red, blue and white flags were hung along the entire length of the bridge. Solemn, majestic, impressive.

By doing this simple exercise several times, you can collect your own series of words to express positive emotions. At a minimum: amazing, phenomenal, enchanting, I am delighted, incredible, above all praise, to tears, an explosion of emotions, fascinating, mind-blowing, unsurpassed. Analyze what words you used.

Main conclusion: What is the secret of everyday eloquence?
BUT) Indifference. It's easier to say beautifully and interestingly about something if you are not indifferent to it. Remember this.
B) Words from outside the comfort zone. Yours or the audience. Sometimes it is important to attract attention.

And don't get me wrong, I recommend that you use not some perverted words, high style and poetic forms. No, I recommend that you own the maximum a wide range words, choosing the right one depending on the situation.
Somewhere it is worth saying that the event you describe was enchanting and breathtaking. And somewhere you, as a speaker, will need the same “Shut up!”.
There is an anecdote about a Russian language teacher who, when she jumped with a parachute for the first time, was very shocked, very surprised and extremely discouraged, but for some reason she screamed out loud in a different way. Do not be like the heroine of a joke, control what you say in any situation.
The choice of vocabulary depends on the context and purpose of your public speaking. But the more mismatched words in your speech space, the stronger you are as a speaker.

Phraseologisms

What are the words? In phrases.
Simple phrases and sentences, I'm sure you can put them together without me.
There are special phrases.
Is it always 2+2=4? Not at all! Surely you know about the synergy effect, about chemical reactions, about that, the combination of two elements sometimes gives a result that simply exceeds their sum.
The same thing happens with words. Sometimes in the language of 2 words, being side by side, lose their original meaning and together acquire a new meaning.
This is how phraseological units are born. Highly important friends and speaker assistants.
Examples:

• They fight all the time = they live like cat and dog.
• I was uncomfortable = I felt out of place.

Is it possible to do without phraseological units? Of course.
Why, then, use phraseological units in speech, if they can be replaced with one / another word? The answer is obvious. Phraseologisms and phraseological phrases fill speech with brightness, emotionality, imagery and expression. In addition, the language becomes more alive, speech becomes capacious, it acquires various shades of irony and jokes, grins and reproaches, love and hate, etc. Speech becomes bright, sonorous, with taste and aroma. Isn't that what a speaker needs?

Exercise: Choose from the list (remember or invent) phraseological unit that you like and tell all of us some fact about yourself using this phraseological unit.
Examples:

1. let's say I chose the phraseological unit "spit in the soul." From Vysotsky:
   “I don't like myself when I'm shaking.
   I can't stand it when innocent people are beaten.
   I do not like it when they climb into my soul,
   Especially when they spit on it."
2. From what was proposed by the participants of the meeting:

Idioms

Winged expressions are stable phraseological units of a figurative or aphoristic nature that have entered the vocabulary from historical or literary sources and have become widespread due to their expressiveness. Winged expressions are the noble ancestors of our modern memes. Sources of popular expressions can be myths, folklore, literature, journalism, memoirs, speeches of famous people.
A winged thought is called not only because it flies, but also because it calls to fly.
The history of the origin of many famous expressions associated with public speaking. These are famous, legendary speeches. Therefore, for us as speakers, some idioms are of double interest.

An exercise:
Read and retell from the stage (or just to friends) the story about the origin of some curious catchphrases.
For example:

• Carthage must be destroyed
• Comments are unnecessary
• Demagogy
• Achilles' heel
• And yet she turns!
• a swan song
• There is such a party!
• Demyanov's ear
• Votes are weighed, not counted
• Burn the ships
• Attic salt
• columbian egg
• A place under the sun
• Philippic
• Bay, but listen!
• I came, I saw, I conquered

We take turns on the stage with the story. Purpose of going on stage:
- do not show yourself and look at others from the stage
not only to convey information
—! and work out 2 methods of eloquence:

A) The effect of the first phrase
Thoughtful, beautiful, strong, confident, stylish, spectacular
Why? Good start- half the job. And if you start convincingly and interestingly, you will want to continue and finish in the same way.
Responsibly treat the choice of the first phrase. Beautiful, strong, only important, nothing superfluous.

b) Make the story your own.
(The role of the personality of the speaker)
When does the story become yours, real? ceases to be a retelling or reading from a piece of paper (even if you look into it)?
When you add something of your own.
To add from oneself means not to misrepresent dates, names or compose non-existent details.
This means giving your assessment, coloring with your emotions, telling in your own words. Cut where necessary, like a talented sculptor, cut off the excess. Or he can recall a relevant story from his life. Or come up with an interesting conclusion. Or just tell in your own unique way: humorously, seriously and calmly, ironically and dryly, or excitedly. The main thing is not indifferent!

Example: "Speakers are not born." So I called my entertainment and educational seminar. It must be said that there are many catchphrases, where the theme of "birth-becoming" is played up.
- This is "A woman is not born, she is made." From the book "The Second Sex" ("Le deuxieme sexe", 1949) by the French writer Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986), who wrote in it about the problem of female emancipation.
Maybe she just paraphrased famous saying, which is attributed to the medieval thinker Erasmus of Rotterdam: “Men are not born. They become."
“Soldiers Are Not Born” A novel by Konstantin Simonov.
But they all go back to the same source - the words of the Roman orator, writer and statesman Cicero (Mark Tullius Cicero, 106 - 43 BC): “They become orators, poets are born.
(From Latin: Oratores fiunt, poetae nascuntur (oratores fiunt, poete nascuntur).
from his "Speech in defense of Archius", which he delivered in 61 BC. e. Archius is a Greek poet whose Roman citizenship was disputed by a certain Gratius.
The meaning of the expression: talent is given by nature (it either exists or it does not), and oratory you can learn, by work, perseverance, etc., bring it to high degree perfection.