Not all students are easily given complete parsing suggestions. We will advise you correct sequence actions that will help to cope with such a task more easily.
Step 1: Read the sentence carefully and determine the purpose of the statement.
According to the purpose of the statement, the proposals are divided into:
- narrative - "Beauty will save the world"(F. Dostoevsky);
- interrogative - "Rus, where are you going?"(N. Gogol);
- incentive - “My friend, let us dedicate our souls to the homeland with wonderful impulses!”(A. Pushkin); “A testament to writers: no need to invent intrigues and plots. Use the stories that life itself provides "(F. Dostoevsky).
Declarative sentences contain a message about something and are characterized by a calm narrative intonation. The content and structure of such proposals can be very diverse.
Target interrogative sentences- to receive from the interlocutor an answer to the question posed in the proposal. In some cases, when the question is rhetorical (i.e., does not require an answer), the purpose of such a sentence is different - the pathetic expression of some thought, idea, expression of the speaker's attitude to something, etc.
The purpose of uttering an incentive sentence is to motivate the addressee of the message to take some action. An incentive can express a direct order, advice, request, warning, call to action, etc. The differences between some of these options are often expressed not by the structure of the sentence itself, but by the intonation of the speaker.
Step 2: Determine intonation and emotional coloring suggestions.
At this stage of parsing a sentence, look for the punctuation mark at the end of the sentence. According to this parameter, the proposals are divided into:
- exclamatory - “Well, what a neck! What eyes!”(I. Krylov);
- non-exclamatory - "Thought flies, but words go step by step"(A. Green).
Step 3: Find the grammatical bases in the sentence.
The number of grammatical stems in a sentence determines what that sentence is:
- simple sentence - "Wine turns a person into a beast and a beast, brings him to a frenzy"(F. Dostoevsky);
- difficult sentence - “It seems to me that people do not understand how much squalor and misfortune in their lives arises from laziness”(Ch. Aitmatov).
In the future, syntactic analysis of a complex sentence and syntactic analysis simple sentence go different ways.
First, let's look at the parsing of a simple sentence with examples.
Stage 4 for a simple sentence: Find the main members and characterize the proposal.
A simple sentence, depending on the presence of a complete set of main members of the proposal or the absence of any of them, can be:
- one-piece - "It is not difficult to despise the court of people, it is impossible to despise one's own court"(A. Pushkin), there is no subject; "Autumn. Fairy-tale palace, open to everyone for review. Clearings of forest roads, looking into the lakes»(B. Pasternak), there is no predicate;
- two-part - “A very bad sign is the loss of the ability to understand humor, allegories, jokes”(F. Dostoevsky).
Indicate which main member is present in a one-part sentence. Depending on this, one-part sentences are nominal (there is a subject: nominal) and verbal (there is a predicate: definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal).
Stage 5 for a simple sentence: See if there is a proposal minor members.
By the presence / absence of additions, definitions and circumstances, a simple sentence can be:
- common - “My goal was to visit Old Street”(I. Bunin);
- uncommon - "The attack is over. Sadness in disgrace"(S. Yesenin).
Stage 6 for a simple sentence: Determine full offer or incomplete.
Whether a sentence is complete or incomplete depends on whether its structure includes all the members of the sentence that are needed for a complete, meaningful statement. In incomplete, any of the main or minor members is missing. And the meaning of the statement is determined by the context or previous sentences.
- full offer - "Prishvin's words bloom, sparkle"(K. Paustovsky);
- incomplete sentence - "What is your name? - Me Anochka "(K. Fedin).
When parsing a sentence for an incomplete one, indicate which members of the sentence are missing.
Stage 7 for a simple sentence: Determine if the sentence is complicated or not complicated.
A simple sentence may or may not be complicated. introductory words and appeals, homogeneous or separate members sentences, direct speech. Examples of simple compound sentences:
- "Ostap Bender, as a strategist, was great"(I. Ilf, E. Petrov);
- “He, the commissar, had to become on a par with Sarychev, if not by personal charm, not by past military merits, not by military talent, then by everything else: integrity, firmness, knowledge of the matter, and finally, courage in battle”(K. Simonov).
Stage 8 for a simple sentence
First, the subject and predicate are designated, then the secondary ones in the subject and the secondary ones in the predicate.
Stage 9 for a simple sentence
At the same time, indicate the grammatical basis, if the sentence is complicated, indicate the complication.
Look at a sample sentence parsing:
- Oral analysis: narrative sentence, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical basis: the doorman trampled, moved, did not, stopped, widespread, complete, complicated homogeneous predicates, separate definition(participle turnover), a separate circumstance (participle turnover).
- Written review: narration, unexcited, simple, double-sided, g / o the doorman trampled, moved was, did not, stopped, distributed, complicated. homogeneous skaz., sep. def. (participle turnover), esp. obs-vom (participle turnover). Now let's look at the syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with examples.
Stage 4 for a complex sentence: Determine how the connection exists between the parts of a complex sentence.
Depending on the presence or absence of unions, the connection can be:
- allied - "He who strives for self-improvement will never believe that this self-improvement has a limit"(L. Tolstoy);
- unionless - “At the moment when the moon, so huge and pure, rose above the crest of that dark mountain, the stars that were in the sky opened their eyes at once”(Ch. Aitmatov).
Stage 5 for a complex sentence: Find out what links the parts of a complex sentence together:
- intonation;
- coordinating conjunctions;
- subordinating unions.
Stage 6 for a complex sentence: Based on the relationship between the parts of the sentence and the means by which this relationship is expressed, classify the sentence.
Classification of complex sentences:
- compound sentence (CSP) - “ My father had a strange influence on me, and our relationship was strange"(I. Turgenev);
- complex sentence (CSP) - “She did not take her eyes off the road that leads through the grove” (I. Goncharov);
- complex non-union sentence (BSP) - “I know: in your heart there is both pride and direct honor” (A. Pushkin);
- offer with different types connections - “People are divided into two categories: those who first think, and then speak and, accordingly, do, and those who first act, and then think” (L. Tolstoy).
The connection between the parts of an asyndetic complex sentence can be expressed different signs punctuation: comma, colon, dash, semicolon.
Stage 7 for a complex sentence: Describe the links between the parts of the sentence.
Define:
- what does the adjective refer to;
- whereby the subordinate part is attached to the main part;
- what question is it answering.
Stage 8 for a complex sentence: If there are several subordinate parts, describe the relationship between them:
- consistent - "I heard Gaidar cleaning the kettle with sand and scolding him for the handle falling off" (K. Paustovsky);
- parallel - “It is necessary to accurately take into account the environment in which the poetic work so that a word alien to this environment does not fall by chance ”(V. Mayakovsky);
- homogeneous - “It was difficult to understand whether there was a fire somewhere, or the moon was about to rise” (A. Chekhov)
Stage 9 for a complex sentence: Underline all the members of the sentence and indicate what parts of speech they are expressed.
Stage 10 for a complex sentence: Now parse each part of a complex sentence as a simple one, see the diagram above.
Stage 11 for a complex sentence: Make a proposal outline.
In this case, indicate the means of communication, the type of accessory part. Look at the example of parsing a complex sentence:
Conclusion
The scheme of syntactic parsing of the sentence, proposed by us, will help to correctly characterize the sentence in all significant parameters. Use this step-by-step guide regularly at school and at home to better remember the sequence of reasoning when analyzing sentences.
Examples of syntactic analysis of sentences of simple and complex structure will help to correctly characterize sentences in oral and written form. With our instruction difficult task It will become clearer and easier, help to learn the material and consolidate it in practice.
Write a comment if this scheme was useful to you. And if it turned out to be useful, do not forget to tell your friends and classmates about it.
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Syntactic analysis of a sentence is the analysis of a sentence by members and parts of speech. You can perform syntactic analysis of a complex sentence according to the proposed plan. The sample will help to properly format the written analysis of the sentence, and the example will reveal the secrets of oral parsing.
Sentence parsing plan
1. Simple, simple, complicated by homogeneous members, or complex
2. According to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative or incentive.
3. By intonation: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.
4. Common or non-common.
5. Determine the SUBJECT. Ask WHO? or WHAT? Underline the subject and determine what part of speech it is.
6. Define the PREDICTION. Ask questions WHAT DOES IT DO? etc. Underline the predicate and determine what part of speech it is expressed.
7. From the subject, ask questions to the minor members of the sentence. Underline them and determine what parts of speech they are expressed. Write out phrases with questions.
8. From the predicate, ask questions to the minor members. Underline them and determine what parts of speech they are expressed. Write out phrases with questions.
Sentence Parsing Sample
Already the sky breathed in autumn, the sun shone less often.
This proposal is complex First part:
(what?) the sky is the subject, expressed by the noun in singular. h., Wed. r., nar., inanimate, 2 cl., and. P.
(what did it do?) breathed - a predicate, expressed by the verb nes. species, 2 ref., in unit h., last vr., wed. R.
breathed (what?) in autumn - an addition, expressed by a noun in singular. h., w. r., nat., inanimate, 3 cl., etc.
breathed (when?) already - a circumstance of time, expressed in an adverb
The second part:
(what?) the sun is the subject, expressed by the noun in singular. h., Wed. r., nar., inanimate, 2 cl., and. P.
(what did it do?) shone - a predicate, expressed by the verb nes. species, 1 ref., in unit h., last vr., wed. R.
shone (how?) less often - a circumstance of the manner of action, expressed by an adverb
shone (when?) already - a circumstance of time, expressed in an adverb
An example of parsing a sentence
They then flew obliquely in the wind, then lay down vertically on the damp grass.
This proposal is simple.
(what?) they are the subject, expressed by the pronoun pl. h., 3 l., and. P.
(what did they do?) flew - a homogeneous predicate, expressed by the verb non-view, 1 sp., pl. h.. past. vr..flyed
(what did they do?) lay down - a homogeneous predicate, expressed by the verb nes.vid, 1 sp., pl. h.. past. vr..
flew (how?) obliquely - a circumstance of the manner of action, expressed by an adverb.
flew (how?) in the wind - a circumstance of the course of action, expressed by the adverb
lay down (how?) sheer - circumstance of the manner of action, expressed by the adverb
lay down (where?) on the grass - a circumstance of the place, expressed by the noun adverb, inanimate, in singular. h., w. r., 1 fold, v.p. with a pretext
grass (what?) raw - a definition, expressed by an adjective in singular. h., female, v.p.
Middle and high school students regularly face the problem of how to conduct an analysis in the Russian literary language.
Parsing is done in accordance with a certain scheme. This topic in school course allows identify sentence structure, characterize it, which reduces punctuation illiteracy.
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What parsing shows
There are four main types of parsing: phonetic, morphological, compositional, and syntactic. The latter is understood as analysis or parsing syntactic units with paramount highlighting the grammatical basis. The analysis is carried out according to the approved algorithm of actions: underline the members + characterize them + draw a diagram.
Schoolchildren, having studied eleven grades, sometimes do not know what the parsing of a sentence is. They talk about analysis as about analysis by composition. This is not true, since only individual lexemes are parsed by composition. As for a bunch of words expressing a complete thought, then in primary school process is named as analysis of the proposal by members. However, in the middle and high school he gets more deep meaning. Based on this, it is necessary to remember once and for all that the analysis of the sentence by composition in the Russian language classes is not performed.
The answer here is obvious - everyone knows the subject, pointing to an object or object, and the predicate - to actions taken first. To make the speech clearer and the statement complete, the main members are supplemented by secondary ones, which have a set of features.
Secondary members of the sentence allow you to reveal complete picture occurring events. Their purpose is to explain describe the actions of the main predecessors.
At the next stage, you will have to parse the proposal for. Here we mean how its members are expressed. Each has several options, you must choose the correct one by asking the question:
- mean - noun, local;
- skaz. - ch., cr. adj., noun;
- def. - adj., local, num.;
- add. - noun, local;
- obst. - adverb, noun with a suggestion.
In view of the above, a more or less clear idea of what parsing a sentence is is emerging. In a word, this is a complex analysis of related lexemes that express a complete thought.
Characteristics of syntactic units
You need to know the criteria that a lexeme has in order to implement detailed description. The characteristic of the sentence in the text assumes a certain algorithm.
Define the view:
- according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive);
- by emotional-expressive coloring (by intonation) - exclamatory or non-exclamatory.
Finding grammar.
We talk sequentially about each member of the sentence, the means of their expression.
We describe the structure of the syntactic unit. For a simple suggestion:
- by composition: one-part (definite-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal, impersonal, nominative) or two-part;
- by prevalence: common or not common;
- by completeness: complete or incomplete.
- what is complicated: homogeneous members, interjections, appeal, introductory constructions.
Determine to which type is a compound sentence:
- compound sentences (CSP) - they are indicated by simple parts connected by a coordinating union;
- complex sentences (CSS) - we establish the main, as well as the subordinate word, based on the question and the peculiarity of the construction (what it refers to, what the subordinate clause is attached to), determine the type of the latter;
- non-union complex sentence (BSP) - we establish how many simple parts a syntactic unit consists of, determining the meaning of each (simultaneity, sequence, opposition, etc.).
We give the argument for what reason we put these punctuation marks.
If the task involves drawing up a diagram, then we do it.
It is more difficult to parse a complex sentence.
More here parameters for analysis.
After the complex sentence from the examples is disassembled into simple parts, we proceed to the analysis of each of them separately.
Following the algorithm, the student will not have problems with completing the task under the number 4.
How to draw a diagram
It is not always enough to correctly parse a simple sentence to get an excellent mark. The student must also be able to draw diagrams of the described units.
- Highlight the subject by underlining with one line, and the predicate with two lines.
- Find minor members, underlining them according to generally accepted rules.
- Sentences with a turnover or participle are highlighted as follows and are indicated in the final scheme. The adverbial turnover is highlighted on both sides by vertical lines, and a dot / dotted line is underlined. Participial highlighted on both sides with vertical lines, and is underlined by a wavy line.
- To the scheme compound sentence the union is not included, it is taken out of the framework. But complex sentences include it in the subordinate part. unions and allied words enclosed in an oval.
Important! Before you draw up a sentence diagram, you need to learn how to graphically designate homogeneous members. They are enclosed in a circle, and the appeal, which is not a member of the syntactic unit, is indicated in the scheme by the letter "O" and is separated by two vertical lines. Do the same with introductory words.
Offer scheme easy to make with direct speech. Here it is important to separate one part from the other, i.e. the words of the author from direct speech, putting the appropriate punctuation marks between them.
Simple Sentence Parsing Sample
We write down an example and proceed to the analysis.
I have never seen a lake more magnificent than Baikal.
Stage I: analysis of the proposal by members:
- "I" - mean, pronounced lich. places;
- “I didn’t see” - simple Ch. skaz., pronounced verb. will express in the form. incl. past vr.;
Stage II: We find out which members of the sentence form the basis of grammar. Here it will be - "I did not see", so we are dealing with a simple sentence.
IN specific example all minor members joined the predicate:
- didn’t see (what?) the lake - add., pronounced noun. in R.P.;
- lakes (which one?) are more magnificent - inconsistent, defined, pronounced adj. in the comparison degrees;
- more magnificent (what?) Baikal - additional, pronounced noun. in R.P.
Stage III: at the end of the process give general characteristics simple sentence In russian language:
- by structure - two-part, widespread, complete;
- according to the purpose of the statement - narrative;
- by intonation - non-exclamatory, therefore, a punctuation mark is placed at the end - a period.
Stage IV: parsing a simple sentence involves the scheme [- =].
More problems causes the sentence to be parsed with participle turnover. See his examples below.
Sample: Behind the swamp, blazing with birches, a grove could be seen.
Characteristics: narrative, unexcused, simple, two-part, widespread, complete, complicated by a separate deep. about.
Scheme: [, I ger. turnover I, = - ].
Syntactic units complicated by homogeneous members, turnovers are parsed in a similar way.
Simple sentences with adverbial turnover should receive an objective assessment. They indicate which member the entire turnover is, then its parts are parsed into words.
Sample: The moon had just emerged from behind the mound and was illuminating translucent, small, low clouds.
Characteristics: narrative, unexcited, homogeneous tales. connected by a non-repeating union "and", therefore, a comma is not placed between them, and commas must be placed between definitions, they have unionless bond, simple, two-part, common, complicated by homogeneous skaz. and def.
Scheme: [- = and = O, O, O].
Parsing complex sentences
The home exercise in Russian regularly contains a mandatory task under the number 4. There are diverse examples here: SSP, SPP, BSP.
Always, when parsing a complex sentence, you need to start it with finding the grammatical basis.
It is necessary to analyze complex sentences based on the definition of the main and subordinate clauses.
Parsing of syntactic units with several subordinate clauses is carried out according to general plan how would it be done analysis of the composition of the proposal, but indicating the type of subordination and a combination of these types. Below are samples of complex sentences with examples, with diagrams, clearly showing analysis.
SOP pattern with consistent submission: The kids reported that they picked those daisies that grandma loved.
Characteristic: narrative, non-exclamation, complex, allied, its parts are connected subordination with sequential submission, consists of two simple ones.
Scheme: [-=], (which = (which = -).
SSP sample: Life is given once, and you want to live it cheerfully, meaningfully, beautifully.
Characteristic: narrative, non-exclamation, complex sentence, has two grammatical bases, allied, compound. The conjunction "and" expresses simultaneity. The 2nd simple sentence is complicated by homogeneous obst. states.
Scheme: [-=], and [=].
BSP sample: Wind howls, thunder rumbles.
Characteristic: narrative, non-exclamation, complex non-union.
Scheme: [-=], [-=].
Parsing a simple sentence
How to parse
Output
If you have before your eyes sentences, examples with diagrams, then visual memory automatically works. This helps a lot for control dictations and independent. In this way, you can learn automatically and correctly parse suggestions (if the examples are chosen correctly), highlight all the criteria necessary for the analysis.
Today we continue to study a complex sentence, in this lesson we will learn how to parse it.
1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement ( narrative, interrogative, imperative).
2. Determine the type of sentence by intonation ( exclamatory, non-exclamatory).
3. Select simple sentences as part of a complex one, determine their foundations.
4. Determine the means of communication of simple sentences in a complex one ( allied, non-union).
5. Highlight the secondary members in each part of the complex sentence, indicate whether it is common or non-common.
6. Mark availability homogeneous members or appeals.
Proposal 1 (Fig. 1).
Rice. 1. Offer 1
The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex (has two grammatical bases), allied (connected by the union And), and the first and second parts are uncommon (Fig. 2).
Rice. 2. Analysis of sentence 1
Proposition 2 (Fig. 3).
Rice. 3. Offer 2
The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, non-union. The first part is widespread (there is a definition), the second is not common (Fig. 4).
Rice. 4. Analysis of sentence 2
Perform syntactic analysis of the sentence (Fig. 5).
Rice. 5. Offer
The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied. The first part is common, complicated by homogeneous predicates. The second part is common.
Rice. 6. Analysis of the offer
Bibliography
1. Russian language. Grade 5 In 3 parts Lvov S.I., Lvov V.V. 9th ed., revised. - M.: 2012 Part 1 - 182 p., Part 2 - 167 p., Part 3 - 63 p.
2. Russian language. Grade 5 Tutorial in 2 parts. Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Baranov M.T., Trostentsova L.A. and others - M.: Enlightenment, 2012. - Part 1 - 192 p.; Part 2 - 176 p.
3. Russian language. Grade 5 Textbook / Ed. Razumovskaya M.M., Lekanta P.A. - M.: 2012 - 318 p.
4. Russian language. Grade 5 Textbook in 2 parts Rybchenkova L.M. and others - M .: Education, 2014. - Part 1 - 127 p., Part 2 - 160 p.
1. Website of the festival pedagogical ideas"Public lesson" ()
Homework
1. What is the order of parsing a complex sentence?
2. What are the complex sentences for the means of communication between the parts?
3. Underline the grammatical foundations in the sentence:
The hurried dawn was approaching, the heavenly heights brightened.
When working with various texts, many need to parse a sentence according to its composition. The implementation of such an analysis usually assumes that a person has the appropriate philological knowledge that can help in the correct analysis of the text he needs. At the same time, there are also services in the network that perform online sentence parsing operations. After a thorough study of the rules for parsing different offers In terms of composition, I decided to present all my achievements in this article.
At the beginning, I note that the expression “parsing a sentence by composition” is somewhat incorrect, since words are usually parsed by composition, and what interests us in this case, is called "sentence parsing".
At the same time, the specified parsing (in school it is also called “parsing by members”) is usually performed as follows:
- Decide which sentence to be analyzed according to the purpose of his statement (declarative, interrogative, or has an incentive character);
- Indicate the emotional coloring of the sentence (it is exclamatory or not exclamatory);
- Mark the number of grammatical bases in this sentence (if the sentence is simple - then one basis, if complex - two or more);
If the sentence is simple:
Simple sentence example:
“It was an extraordinary autumn day!”
After parsing, we can see that this sentence is declarative, exclamatory, simple, two-part, complete, not complicated.
If the sentence is complex:
- Get in touch with complex sentence- allied or non-union;
- Indicate the connection used in the sentence - intonation, subordinating, coordinating;
- Indicate the type of complex sentence - non-union, compound, compound.
Complex sentence example:
"There were roses and lilies in the bouquet, but she liked tulips more."
After syntactic analysis of this sentence, we can see that this sentence has a narrative character, not an exclamation, complex, has an allied connection, compound. The first sentence here is two-part, grammatical basis the words “there were roses and lilies” appear, it is common, and complicated by homogeneous subjects.
The second sentence in this complex sentence is two-part, its grammatical basis is the words “I liked tulips”, the sentence is common and not complicated.
Services for parsing proposals by composition online
Due to the richness of grammatical structures, and the complexity of creating a powerful network tool for parsing text, the services presented on the network (of which there are few) have rather weak capabilities for conducting a full-fledged parsing of sentences. However, I would highlight the following resources:
Seosin.ru
Among the Russian-language resources for conducting semantic analysis online (de facto they are practically not represented), I would single out the seosin.ru service. It allows you to identify syntactic and morphological errors, demonstrates the general associativity of the text, and performs other types of analysis. Unfortunately, the service does not always work stably; dysfunctions are often observed in its work.
- To work with this service, go to the site seosin.ru.
- Enter your proposal in the appropriate box, and click on "Analyze".
Lexisrex.com
lovers in English the powerful linguistic resource lexisrex.com can help with parsing. Its capabilities allow you to analyze the proposal by its members. At the same time, this site also has other auxiliary tools for the implementation various kinds linguistic analysis online.
- To access this resource, please log in to lexisrex.com.
- Paste your proposal into the appropriate box and click on the "Analyze" button.
Forums of linguists
In syntactic parsing of a sentence online, you can turn to the help of the "human factor" and go to various forums of linguists (level gramota.turbotext.ru, rusforus.ru and analogues). Register there, ask your question, and they will definitely help you.
Conclusion
Network resources that allow analysis of proposals by composition are rather scarce, which is associated with the difficulties of creating such resources. However, there are several such tools on the web (most of them are in English) that make it easy to carry out the text analysis we need. Use the functionality of these services to parse the right suggestions, and parsing online.
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