Syntactic parsing of the sentence questions for parsing. The order of parsing a simple sentence

When working with various texts, many need to parse a sentence according to its composition. The implementation of such an analysis usually assumes that a person has the appropriate philological knowledge that can help in the correct analysis of the text he needs. At the same time, there are also services in the network that perform online sentence parsing operations. After a thorough study of the rules for parsing different offers In terms of composition, I decided to present all my achievements in this article.

At the beginning, I note that the expression “parsing a sentence by composition” is somewhat incorrect, since words are usually parsed by composition, and what interests us in this case, is called "sentence parsing".

At the same time, the specified parsing (in school it is also called “parsing by members”) is usually performed as follows:

• Decide which sentence to be analyzed according to the purpose of his statement (declarative, interrogative, or has an incentive character);
• Designate emotional coloring sentences (it is exclamatory or not exclamatory);
• Mark the number of grammatical bases in this sentence (if the sentence is simple - then one basis, if complex - two or more);

If the sentence is simple:

Simple sentence example:

“It was an extraordinary autumn day!”

After parsing, we can see that this sentence is declarative, exclamatory, simple, two-part, complete, not complicated.

If the sentence is complex:

• Decide on the connection in a complex sentence - allied or non-union;
• Indicate the connection used in the sentence - intonation, subordinating, coordinating;
• Specify the type complex sentence- unionless, compound, compound.

Complex sentence example:

"There were roses and lilies in the bouquet, but she liked tulips more."

After syntactic analysis of this sentence, we can see that this sentence is of a narrative nature, not exclamatory, complex, has an allied connection, compound. The first sentence here is two-part, the grammatical basis is the words “roses and lilies were”, it is common, and complicated by homogeneous subjects.

The second sentence in this complex sentence is two-part, its grammatical basis is the words “I liked tulips”, the sentence is common and not complicated.

Services for parsing proposals by composition online

Due to the richness of grammatical structures, and the complexity of creating a powerful network tool for parsing text, the services presented on the network (of which there are few) have rather weak capabilities for a full-fledged parsing of sentences. However, I would highlight the following resources:

Seosin.ru

Among the Russian-language resources for conducting semantic analysis online (de facto they are practically not represented), I would single out the seosin.ru service. It allows you to identify syntactic and morphological errors, demonstrates the general associativity of the text, and performs other types of analysis. Unfortunately, the service does not always work stably; dysfunctions are often observed in its work.

1. To work with this service, go to the site seosin.ru.
2. Enter your proposal in the appropriate box, and click on "Analyze".

Lexisrex.com

lovers of English language the powerful linguistic resource lexisrex.com can help with parsing. Its capabilities allow you to analyze the proposal by its members. At the same time, this site also has other auxiliary tools for the implementation various kinds linguistic analysis online.

1. To access this resource, please log in to lexisrex.com.
2. Paste your proposal into the appropriate box and click on the "Analyze" button.

Forums of linguists

In syntactic parsing of a sentence online, you can turn to the help of the "human factor" and go to various forums of linguists (level gramota.turbotext.ru, rusforus.ru and analogues). Register there, ask your question, and they will definitely help you.

Conclusion

Network resources that allow analysis of proposals by composition are rather scarce, which is associated with the difficulties of creating such resources. However, there are several such tools on the web (most of them are in English) that make it easy to carry out the text analysis we need. Use the functionality of these services to parse the right suggestions, and parsing online.

In contact with

Today we continue to study a complex sentence, in this lesson we will learn how to parse it.

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement ( narrative, interrogative, imperative).

2. Determine the type of sentence by intonation ( exclamatory, non-exclamatory).

3. Select simple sentences as part of a complex one, determine their foundations.

4. Determine the means of communication of simple sentences in a complex one ( allied, non-union).

5. Select minor members in each part of a complex sentence, indicate whether it is common or non-common.

6. Mark availability homogeneous members or appeals.

Proposal 1 (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Offer 1

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex (has two grammatical bases), allied (connected by the union and), and the first and second parts are uncommon (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Analysis of sentence 1

Proposition 2 (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Offer 2

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, non-union. The first part is widespread (there is a definition), the second is not common (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Analysis of sentence 2

Perform syntactic analysis of the sentence (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Offer

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied. The first part is common, complicated by homogeneous predicates. The second part is common.

Rice. 6. Analysis of the offer

Bibliography

1. Russian language. Grade 5 In 3 parts Lvov S.I., Lvov V.V. 9th ed., revised. - M.: 2012 Part 1 - 182 p., Part 2 - 167 p., Part 3 - 63 p.

2. Russian language. Grade 5 Tutorial in 2 parts. Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Baranov M.T., Trostentsova L.A. and others - M.: Enlightenment, 2012. - Part 1 - 192 p.; Part 2 - 176 p.

3. Russian language. Grade 5 Textbook / Ed. Razumovskaya M.M., Lekanta P.A. - M.: 2012 - 318 p.

4. Russian language. Grade 5 Textbook in 2 parts Rybchenkova L.M. and others - M .: Education, 2014. - Part 1 - 127 p., Part 2 - 160 p.

1. Website of the festival pedagogical ideas"Public lesson" ()

Homework

1. What is the order of parsing a complex sentence?

2. What are the complex sentences for the means of communication between the parts?

3. Underline the grammatical foundations in the sentence:

The hurried dawn was approaching, the heavenly heights brightened.

The sentence contains information, asks about it, or directs to action. Most often it has a basis and secondary members describing it. In order to assimilate or refresh the memory of a topic, it is useful to study examples of the grammatical analysis of a sentence in Russian.

Grammatical basis in parsing a sentence

The basis is quite logical in application. It consists of a subject that directly names a thing or phenomenon, and a predicate - an action performed or directed at an object.

The subject is always used in the initial form (nominative), but can be not only a noun. It could be:

• numeral - to indicate quantity, set, number (there were three in line; four was his best estimate);
• personal pronoun (he quietly walked along the corridor; we left the classroom);
• indefinite pronoun (someone was sitting in the room; something bothered me);
• negative pronoun (no one could stop them);
• adjective in the sense of a noun (the person in charge was appointed by the management; the duty officer kept order).

In the grammatical analysis of a sentence, it is customary to highlight the subject with an underline, and the predicate with a double underline.

The predicate is most often a verb, but has several types:

• simple verb, expressed by the verb in any mood (the dog ran down the alley; the student gets up early);
• compound verb, consists of auxiliary verb(modal word) and infinitive (she started running in the morning; I have to go to work);
• compound nominal, having a linking verb (most often - to be) and a nominal part (a student became a student; bread is their main food; three times two is six(the word "will" is omitted);

Completeness of the offer

Based on the composition of the basis, sentences are two-part, where both main members are present or one is implied (incomplete) (night has come; where is he(omitted "is") ?) , and one-part. The latter are:

• definitely personal, in which it is clear from the face of the verb who it is about (I do my best(I); let's go for a walk(we));
• indefinitely personal, expressed by the past tense verb in plural (a floor below made a noise; somewhere in the distance they sang);
• generalized-personal, which attribute the action to everyone (often found in proverbs and sayings) (if you want to eat a fish, you need to climb into the water; you go and admire the view);
• impersonal, implying no object (it got dark; he was very sorry; it was cold in the room).

Secondary, but no less important

To give detailed information, the object and action are supported by third-party words and constructions. They are:

When performing a grammatical analysis of a sentence, they must also be taken into account. If there are minor members, the proposal is considered widespread, respectively, without them - non-common.

Complicated sentences - it's not difficult at all

Various plug-in components complete the offer by increasing the amount of information. They are embedded between the main and secondary members, but are already defined as a separate part, which goes as a separate paragraph in the grammatical analysis of the sentence. These components can be removed or replaced without losing the meaning of the text. Among them:

• separate definitions applicable to an object member (describe a property, stand out as a definition), are participial phrases (the kettle, which was warming on the stove, whistled sharply; the road led to a house standing in the forest);
• isolated circumstances (stand out as a circumstance) are participle turns (he ran, stumbling over stones; looking wary, the dog held out its paw);
• homogeneous members of a sentence - perform the same function and always ask the same question (were scattered on the floor(what?) books, notebooks, notes (homogeneous subject); on weekends we only(what they were doing?) sleeping and walking(homogeneous predicate); he looked at(whom?) mother and sister(homogeneous addition));
• address to someone, which is always separated by a comma and is an independent member of the sentence (my son, you did the right thing; You, Andrei, misunderstood me);
• introductory words (probably, perhaps, finally, etc.) (I probably got excited; tomorrow, most likely, it will be hot).

How to make a grammatical analysis of a sentence, taking into account all the components?

For parsing, a clear algorithm has been created that does not cause difficulties if you know all the above constructions and components of the proposal. Among them, simple and complex ones stand out - the order of analysis is slightly different for them. The following is a grammatical analysis of sentences with examples for individual cases.

Simple sentence

At the beginning of autumn, covered with a golden carpet, the city alleys whimsically shimmer.

1. Define the main members. The basis should be one, as in this example: alleys- subject, shimmer- predicate.

2. Select minor members: (when?) at the beginning of autumn- circumstance (what?) covered with golden carpet- separate definition, (how?) whimsically- circumstance (what?) urban- definition.

3. Define parts of speech:

At the beginning of the noun. autumn n. , covered with golden adj. carpet n. , bizarrely overflow urban adj. alleys n.

4. Describe the signs:

• the purpose of the statement (narrative, incentive, interrogative);
• intonation (exclamatory, non-exclamatory);
• on the basis (two-part, one-part - indicate which one);
• completeness (complete, incomplete)
• by the presence of secondary (common, non-common);
• complicated (if yes, then by what) or not complicated;

Characteristics of this non-exclamatory, two-part, complete, common, complicated separate definition.

This is what a complete grammatical analysis of a sentence looks like.

Difficult sentence

Since a complex sentence includes two or more simple ones, it is quite logical to parse them separately, but the parsing algorithm is still different. The grammatical analysis of a sentence in Russian is ambiguous. Compound sentences related to simple ones are:

An example of parsing a compound sentence

In the family, regardless of age, everyone was very busy, but on weekends everyone got together at one big table.

1. All bases are highlighted. There are several of them in a complex sentence: each- subject, been busy- compound nominal predicate; all- subject, were going- predicate.
2. Define parts of speech.

In the pr. family, noun. , regardless of from pr. age n. , each is a place. was ch. very nar. busy app. , nose. on pr. weekend adj. all place. were going to for pr. large adj. table su sch.

1. Find out if there is an alliance. Here - "but". So the proposal is allied.
2. It is possible to characterize by the position of simple ones if there is a union (paragraph 2). This example - compound sentence, simple ones in it are equivalent (i.e., if desired, you can divide it into two independent ones). In the case of non-union, this item is not indicated.
3. Do general characteristics: narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied, compound.
4. Disassemble simple inside separately:

• in the family, regardless of age, everyone was very busy (narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, full, common, complicated by a separate definition of "regardless of age")a
• on weekends everyone gathered at a large table

Complex sentence

The algorithm will be similar, only with the indication subordinating union. It is also part of the composition. You also need to highlight the main thing and find out how the subordinate clauses (parentheses) are “attached” to it.

This is a kind of submission, not a mandatory item, but it is also often taken into account.

The main thing to remember is that grammatical and syntactic analysis are synonyms. The meeting of one of the words in the task should not be frightening, since the topic is quite general and quickly digestible. For foreigners, it is difficult because of the great variability, but that's what makes the Russian language beautiful.

Syntax is the most complex section of the modern Russian language. At school, the syntactic analysis of a sentence almost always causes serious difficulties, since in the analysis it is necessary to use the previously acquired knowledge in a complex way: to be able to distinguish parts of speech, access information from the vocabulary, to navigate perfectly in the semantic load and functions of different members of the sentence, to correctly indicate simple sentences in the composition complex and define their role.

At school and university, there are different requirements for the syntactic analysis of a sentence. Schoolchildren usually designate parts of speech, and comment on each word during analysis. The requirement is due to the fact that correct parsing you need to know morphology well, you should not confuse the concepts of syntax and morphology (there is a common mistake when parts of speech and members of a sentence are mixed). At the philological faculties of various higher educational institutions parsing schemes are individual: it depends on what educational complex is being trained, what are the available methodological developments at the department. When preparing for admission, the applicant will need to find out the requirements of a particular university, otherwise the analysis may be considered incorrect.

To correctly parse a sentence, you need to master a large amount of theory, be able to accurately use terms, and gain practical skills. Practice plays especially big role, so it is advisable to train regularly, analyzing offers different levels difficulties.

Strict requirements are imposed on parsing: it can only be done according to a clear scheme, without deviating from a given algorithm. Often it is also necessary to draw a graphic scheme of the sentence, reflecting in it the levels of division, the dependence of simple sentences on each other. Also, the members of the proposal are graphically highlighted different signs directly in the text (several types of subscripts).

General scheme for parsing a sentence
Exists general scheme, on which the syntactic parsing of the sentence is carried out. It varies depending on specific requirements, but the basic base remains the same.

1. The purpose of the statement is indicated: declarative, motivating, interrogative sentence.
   
2. At this stage, you should write how the sentence is in terms of intonation: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.
   
3. The type of sentence is determined: simple or complex, consisting of several simple ones.
   
4. For complex sentences, you need to indicate the type of construction: simple (of the same type), complex (different types of connections between simple sentences as part of a complex one).
   
5. The type of connection of proposals is indicated: allied, allied.
   
6. There are two types of allied sentences: compound and complex.
   
7. For a complex sentence, the type of the subordinate clause is determined: attributive, explanatory, adverbial, adjunctive;
   
8. It is necessary to indicate the type of circumstance subordinate clause:
   • mode of action;
     
   • places;
     
   • time;
     
   • terms;
     
   • measures and degrees;
     
   • comparisons;
     
   • concessions;
     
   • consequences;
     
   • goals;
     
   • the reasons.
     
9. If the sentence is complex, a description of the connection of parts in the complex is performed. The parts are numbered, all types of communication are indicated (unionless and allied, subordinating and coordinating), if necessary, division into levels is made.
   
10. Then they proceed to the characteristics of each simple sentence, indicating its number.
    
11. The analysis of a simple sentence continues to indicate the presence of main members: one-part or two-part.
    
12. In a one-part sentence, its type is determined: nominal, generalized-personal, impersonal, definite-personal or indefinitely-personal.
    
13. At this stage, you need to write the type of predicate: PGS (simple verbal predicate), CGS (compound verbal predicate) or SIS (compound nominal predicate).
    
14. Now it is necessary to determine the presence minor members: common (there are minor members), non-common (there are no minor members).
    
15. At this point in the analysis, it is indicated whether the sentence is complicated, what exactly it is complicated by.
    
16. At the end of the analysis, it is necessary to determine the type of sentence in terms of completeness: complete or incomplete. Incomplete sentences are those in which the main or secondary members are omitted, but they can be easily restored from the context.
    

You will also need to graphically indicate the members and boundaries of sentences in the text, draw diagrams, indicating in them the numbers of sentences, unions, asking questions to subordinate clauses from the main ones.

Ways of expressing sentence members
Knowing how to express the members of a sentence will help you parse the sentence correctly without confusing parts of it. Often, school students find it difficult to even determine the main members of a sentence, since there are a number of difficulties, and generally accepted stereotypes make it difficult to correctly find the basis and accurately analyze the secondary members.

It must be remembered that different parts of speech have practically unlimited possibilities and can be almost any part of the sentence, with rare exceptions. Often, students get used to the fact that the subject is a noun, and the predicate is a verb. Not seeing the appropriate parts of speech in a sentence, they find themselves in a difficult position and do not know how to parse it by composition. In fact, it is impossible to conclude analysis in such a framework.

Subject answers the questions nominative case and expressed different parts speech: nouns, pronouns, numerals. The subject can also be expressed:

• adjective (red is my favorite color);
  
• a participle that has turned into a noun (the others were silent);
  
• union (and - connecting union);
  
• indefinite form of the verb (for example, indefinite form verb with noun in accusative: having a doctor in the house is a serious advantage).
  

Predicate answers the questions: what does the object do? what happens to the subject? what is the subject? what is he?

To differentiate different types predicates, it is important to remember the lexical and grammatical meaning of words. Lexical meaning reflects the meaning of the word, and grammatical contains grammatical categories(for example, mood, tense, number and gender of the verb). Types of predicates:

• PGS: the predicate is expressed in the personal form of the verb, in which the GZ and LZ coincide. Sometimes PGS is expressed by a phraseological unit containing a conjugated verb form.
  
• GHS: Must consist of at least two words. Each word has its own meaning: the infinitive of the verb ( lexical meaning) and modal or phase connective ( grammatical meaning). The phase link indicates the phase of the action, and the modal link reflects the attitude towards the action. The link can be expressed in words reflecting the assessment of the action, desirability, necessity, short adjectives.
  
• SIS: must consist of at least two words. Nominal part (LZ) and formal or semi-significant copula (GZ). A more common formal link is the verb to be. All nominal parts of speech, adverbs, phrases act as a nominal part. Semi-significant connectives are verbs to become, to become, to be, to seem, and others; verbs of state, movement.
  

Definitions answer questions what? whose? They are divided into agreed and inconsistent.

• The agreed definition is easy to recognize, it is expressed by a pronoun-adjective, adjective, participle, ordinal number. The main thing is not to confuse it with the nominal part of the SIS.
  
• An inconsistent definition is usually expressed by nouns in indirect cases, but sometimes adverbs, phrases, infinitives, adjectives become them. comparative degrees. There are also inconsistent application-definitions.
  

Addition answers the questions indirect cases. Most often expressed as a noun.

Circumstance answers to general question as? Expressed by adverbs and nouns. Circumstances are divided into categories:

• circumstance of time;
  
• places;
  
• mode of action;
  
• the reasons;
  
• comparisons;
  
• concessions;
  
• terms;
  
• goals;
  
• measures and degrees.
  

It is necessary to take into account the nuances of the expression of the members of the sentence by different parts of speech in order to correctly perform the syntactic analysis of the sentence.

Types of subordinate clauses
When analyzing a complex sentence, it is important to correctly determine the type of the subordinate clause. It can be circumstantial, explanatory and attributive.

1. Subordinate explanatory sentences answer the questions of indirect cases. Unions, allied words act as means of communication.
   
2. Adnexal defining sentences relate to a noun, join with the help of allied words, sometimes unions, answer questions whose? which?
   
3. Adnexal circumstantial sentences differ depending on the category:
   • PO places answer questions where? where? where? join with allied words;
     
   • How long do they answer questions? how long? when? for how long? Joining with the help of unions is common only, when, bye, as soon as, etc .;
     
   • ON measures and degrees answer the questions to what extent? how much ?, refer to a word expressing a concept that can have a degree of manifestation;
     
   • The software of the mode of action answers the question how ?, you can insert words into the main part in this way, so;
     
   • ON conditions answer the question under what condition ?, connecting unions - when, if, how soon;
     
   • ON reasons reveal the question why ?, unions due to the fact that, since, because, due to the fact that;
     
   • By purpose: questions for what purpose? why? etc. Unions if only to, in order to;
     
   • ON consequence: the consequence follows from the first part, the union so;
     
   • ON concessions: questions in spite of what? in spite of what? Unions let, for nothing, despite the fact that;
     
   • Comparative software: questions like what? like what? Unions as if, as if, exactly, as;
     
4. Subordinate adjectives do not answer questions, do not express semantic relations circumstances, but Additional information to the main part. Communication means: allied words ( relative pronouns what, where, where, when, how, why, wherefore, what for).
   

In polynomial sentences, the type of subordination must be indicated. It can be sequential: the first subordinate clause is subordinate to the main one, the second subordinate clause is subordinate to the first, and so on. With parallel subordination, the subordinate clauses depend on the main one, but answer different questions. When the subordination is homogeneous, the subordinate clauses depend on one main word, answer one question.
In universities, they mainly analyze polynomial sentences, therefore, they distinguish the levels of division, the connections between them, indicate all the blocks and the features of their relationship with each other, draw complex schemes. At school, they usually limit themselves to sentences consisting of two to four simple ones.

Not all students are easily given a complete syntactic analysis of a sentence. We will advise you correct sequence actions that will help to cope with such a task more easily.

Step 1: Read the sentence carefully and determine the purpose of the statement.

According to the purpose of the statement, the proposals are divided into:

• narrative - "Beauty will save the world"(F. Dostoevsky);
• interrogative - "Rus, where are you going?"(N. Gogol);
• incentive - “My friend, let us dedicate our souls to the homeland with wonderful impulses!”(A. Pushkin); “A testament to writers: no need to invent intrigues and plots. Use the stories that life itself provides "(F. Dostoevsky).

Declarative sentences contain a message about something and are characterized by a calm narrative intonation. The content and structure of such proposals can be very diverse.

Target interrogative sentences- to receive from the interlocutor an answer to the question posed in the proposal. In some cases, when the question is rhetorical in nature (i.e., does not require an answer), the purpose of such a sentence is different - the pathetic expression of some thought, idea, expression of the speaker's attitude to something, etc.

The purpose of uttering an incentive sentence is to motivate the addressee of the message to take some action. An incentive can express a direct order, advice, request, warning, call to action, etc. The differences between some of these options are often expressed not by the structure of the sentence itself, but by the intonation of the speaker.

Step 2: Determine the intonation and emotional tone of the sentence.

At this stage of parsing a sentence, look for the punctuation mark at the end of the sentence. According to this parameter, the proposals are divided into:

• exclamatory - “Well, what a neck! What eyes!”(I. Krylov);
• non-exclamatory - "Thought flies, but words go step by step"(A. Green).

Step 3: Find the grammatical bases in the sentence.

The number of grammatical stems in a sentence determines what that sentence is:

• simple sentence - "Wine turns a person into a beast and a beast, brings him to a frenzy"(F. Dostoevsky);
• difficult sentence - “It seems to me that people do not understand how much squalor and misfortune in their lives arises from laziness”(Ch. Aitmatov).

In the future, the syntactic analysis of a complex sentence and the syntactic analysis of a simple sentence follow different paths.

First, let's look at the parsing of a simple sentence with examples.

Stage 4 for a simple sentence: Find the main members and characterize the proposal.

A simple sentence, depending on the presence of a complete set of main members of the proposal or the absence of any of them, can be:

• one-piece - "It is not difficult to despise the court of people, it is impossible to despise one's own court"(A. Pushkin), there is no subject; "Autumn. Fairy-tale palace, open to everyone for review. Clearings of forest roads, looking into the lakes»(B. Pasternak), there is no predicate;
• two-part - “A very bad sign is the loss of the ability to understand humor, allegories, jokes”(F. Dostoevsky).

Specify which main member present in a single sentence. Depending on this, one-part sentences are nominal (there is a subject: nominal) and verbal (there is a predicate: definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal).

Stage 5 for a simple sentence: See if there are secondary members in the sentence.

By the presence / absence of additions, definitions and circumstances, a simple sentence can be:

• common - “My goal was to visit Old Street”(I. Bunin);
• uncommon - "The attack is over. Sadness in disgrace"(S. Yesenin).

Stage 6 for a simple sentence: Determine full offer or incomplete.

Whether a sentence is complete or incomplete depends on whether its structure includes all the members of the sentence that are needed for a complete, meaningful statement. In incomplete, any of the main or minor members is missing. And the meaning of the statement is determined by the context or previous sentences.

• full offer - "Prishvin's words bloom, sparkle"(K. Paustovsky);
• incomplete sentence - "What is your name? - Me Anochka "(K. Fedin).

When parsing a sentence for an incomplete one, indicate which members of the sentence are missing.

Stage 7 for a simple sentence: Determine if the sentence is complicated or not complicated.

A simple sentence may or may not be complicated. introductory words and appeals, homogeneous or isolated members sentences, direct speech. Examples of simple compound sentences:

• "Ostap Bender, as a strategist, was great"(I. Ilf, E. Petrov);
• “He, the commissar, had to become on a par with Sarychev, if not by personal charm, not by past military merits, not by military talent, then by everything else: integrity, firmness, knowledge of the matter, and finally, courage in battle”(K. Simonov).

Stage 8 for a simple sentence

First, the subject and predicate are designated, then the secondary ones in the subject and the secondary ones in the predicate.

Stage 9 for a simple sentence

At the same time, indicate the grammatical basis, if the sentence is complicated, indicate the complication.

Look at a sample sentence parsing:

• Oral analysis: narrative sentence, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical basis: the porter trampled, moved, did not, stopped, widespread, complete, complicated by homogeneous predicates, a separate definition ( participial), a separate circumstance (participle turnover).
• Written review: narration, unexcited, simple, double-sided, g / o the doorman trampled, moved was, did not, stopped, distributed, complicated. homogeneous skaz., sep. def. (participle turnover), esp. obs-vom (participle turnover). Now let's look at the syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with examples.

Stage 4 for a complex sentence: Determine how the connection exists between the parts of a complex sentence.

Depending on the presence or absence of unions, the connection can be:

• allied - "He who strives for self-improvement will never believe that this self-improvement has a limit"(L. Tolstoy);
• unionless - “At the moment when the moon, so huge and pure, rose above the crest of that dark mountain, the stars that were in the sky opened their eyes at once”(Ch. Aitmatov).

Stage 5 for a complex sentence: Find out what links the parts of a complex sentence together:

• intonation;
• coordinating conjunctions;
• subordinating unions.

Stage 6 for a complex sentence: Based on the relationship between the parts of the sentence and the means by which this relationship is expressed, classify the sentence.

Classification of complex sentences:

• compound sentence (CSP) - “ My father had a strange influence on me, and our relationship was strange"(I. Turgenev);
• complex sentence (CSP) - “She did not take her eyes off the road that leads through the grove” (I. Goncharov);
• complex unionless proposal(BSP) - "I know: in your heart there is both pride and direct honor" (A. Pushkin);
• offer with different types communications - “People are divided into two categories: those who first think, and then speak and, accordingly, do, and those who first act, and then think” (L. Tolstoy).

The connection between the parts of an asyndetic complex sentence can be expressed by different punctuation marks: comma, colon, dash, semicolon.

Stage 7 for a complex sentence: Describe the links between the parts of the sentence.

Define:

• what does the adjective refer to;
• whereby the subordinate part is attached to the main part;
• what question is it answering.

Stage 8 for a complex sentence: If there are several subordinate parts, describe the relationship between them:

• consistent - "I heard Gaidar cleaning the kettle with sand and scolding him for the handle falling off" (K. Paustovsky);
• parallel - “It is necessary to accurately take into account the environment in which the poetic work so that a word alien to this environment does not fall by chance ”(V. Mayakovsky);
• homogeneous - “It was difficult to understand whether there was a fire somewhere, or the moon was about to rise” (A. Chekhov)

Stage 9 for a complex sentence: Underline all the members of the sentence and indicate what parts of speech they are expressed.

Stage 10 for a complex sentence: Now parse each part of a complex sentence as a simple one, see the diagram above.

Stage 11 for a complex sentence: Make a proposal outline.

In this case, indicate the means of communication, the type of accessory part. Look at the example of parsing a complex sentence:

Conclusion

The scheme of syntactic parsing of the sentence, proposed by us, will help to correctly characterize the sentence in all significant parameters. Use this step-by-step guide regularly at school and at home to better remember the sequence of reasoning when analyzing sentences.

Examples of syntactic analysis of sentences of simple and complex structure will help to correctly characterize sentences in oral and written form. With our instruction difficult task It will become clearer and easier, help to learn the material and consolidate it in practice.

Write a comment if this scheme was useful to you. And if it turned out to be useful, do not forget to tell your friends and classmates about it.

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