Question words in Spanish table. Interrogative sentences in Spanish. Regular and irregular Spanish verbs

Eccentric Spain is the dream of any tourist who is looking for hot, thrilling sensations. Holidays in Spain mean staying in luxury hotels, relaxing on the best beaches in the world, dining in world-famous restaurants, tours of medieval castles and other attractions, and of course communicating with extraordinary Spaniards.

The last thing is most likely the most memorable and interesting thing that can happen during all the time spent in this beautiful country, but there is one thing to communicate with local population you need to know at least minimal Spanish, or have our Russian-Spanish phrasebook at hand. Our phrasebook - great helper in communication with the local population. It is divided into important and common topics.

Common phrases

Phrase in Russian	Translation	Pronunciation
good	bueno	bueno
bad	malo	few
enough / enough	bastante	bastante
cold	frio	frio
hot	caliente	caliente
small	pequeno	pequeño
big	grande	Grande
What?	Que?	ke?
There	Alli	ayi
Here	Aqui	aki
How much time?	Que hora es?	Ke ora es?
I don't understand	No entiendo	But entiendo
I'm really sorry	Lo siento.	locento
Can you speak slowly?	Mas despacio, por favor.	mas-despacio, por-favor
I don't understand.	No comprendo.	but-comprendo
Do you speak English/Russian?	Habla ingles/ruso?	abla ingles/rruso?
How to get/get to..?	Por donde se va a..?	Pordonde se-va a..?
How are you?	Que tal?	Ke tal?
Very good	Muy bien	Mui bien
Thank you	Gracias	Gracias
Please	Por favor	Por favor
Yes	Si	si
No	No	But
Sorry	Perdone	sorry
How are you doing?	Que tal?	ketal?
Thank you excellent.	Muy bien, gracias.	Mui bien, gracias.
And you?	Y usted?	Juste?
Very nice to meet you.	Encantado/Encantada*.	encantado/encantada*
See you later!	Hasta pronto!	asta pronto!
Okay! (Agreed!)	Esta bien!	esta bien
Where is/are..?	Donde esta/Donde estan..?	dondesta/dondestan..?
How many meters/kilometers from here to..?	Cuantos metros/kilometros hay de aqui a..?	quantos metros/kilometros ah de-aki a..?
Hot	Caliente	Caliente
Cold	Frio	Frio
Elevator	Ascensor	Assensor
Toilet	Servicio	Servisio
Closed	Cerrado	Cerrado
Open	Abierto	Avierto
No smoking	Prohibido fumar	Proivido fumar
Exit	Salida	Salida
Why?	How about?	spanking?
Entrance	Entrada	Entrada
closed/closed	cerrado	cerrado
Fine	bien	bien
open/open	abierto	abierto

Appeals

Walk around the city

Phrase in Russian	Translation	Pronunciation
Railway station / Train station	La estacion de trenes	La Estacion de Tranes
Bus station	La estacion de autobuses	La Estacion de Autobuses
Tourist Office	La oficina de turismo	la officena de turismo
City Hall/Town Hall	El ayuntamiento	el ayuntamiento
Library	La biblioteca	la library
A park	El parque	El Parque
Garden	El Jardin	El Hardin
City wall	La muralla	La Muraya
Tower	La torre	la torre
Street	La calle	La Caye
Square	La plaza	la plaza
Monastery	El monasterio / El convento	El Monasterio / El Combento
House	La casa	La Casa
Castle	El palacio	El Palacio
Lock	El castillo	El Castillo
Museum	El museo	El Museo
Basilica	La basilica	la basilica
Art Gallery	El museo del arte	el museo delarte
Cathedral	La cathedral	La Catedral
Church	La iglesia	La Iglessa
Tobacconist's	Los tabacos	Los Tabacos
Tourist agency	La agencia de viajes	la-ahensya de-vyahes
Shoe shop	La zapateria	la sapateria
Supermarket	El supermercado	el supermercado
Hypermarket	El hipermercado	El Ipermercado
Newsstand	El kiosko de prensa	el chiosco de prince
Mail	Los correos	Los Corraos
Market	El mercado	El Mercado
Salon	La peluqueria	La Peluceria
The dialed number does not exist	El numero marcado no existe	El numero marcado no existe
We were interrupted	Nos cortaron	Nose cortaron
Line is busy	La linea esta ocupada	Ea payback line
Dial the number	Marcar el numero	Markar el nimero
How much are the tickets?	Cuanto valen las entradas?	Quanto valen las entradas?
Where can I buy tickets?	Donde se puede comprar entradas?	Donde se puede comprar entradas?
When does the museum open?	Cuando se abre el museo?	Cuando se abre el museo?
Where is?	Donde esta?	Donde esta?
Where is the mailbox?	Donde esta el buzon?	Donde esta el buson?
How much do I owe you?	Cuanto le debo?	Cointeau le débo?
letters to Russia	mandar una card in Russia	mandar una card and Rusia
I need stamps for	Necesito sellos para	Nesesito seios para
Where is the post office?	Donde estan Correos?	Donde estan correos?
post card	Postal	Postal
Salon	Peluqueria	Peluceria
down / below	abajo	abajo
upstairs/at the top	arriba	arriba
far	lejos	lejos
near/close	cerca	sirka
directly	todo recto	todo-rrekto
left	a la izquierda	a la Izquierda
right	a la derecha	a-la-derecha
left	izquierdo / izquierda	Izquierdo / Izquierda
right	derecho / derecha	derecho / derecha

In a cafe, restaurant

Phrase in Russian	Translation	Pronunciation
red wine	vino tinto	wine tinto
pink wine	vino rosado	rosado wine
White wine	vino blanco	wine blanco
vinegar	vinagre	Vinagre
toast (fried bread)	tostadas	tostadas
veal	ternera	Turnera
cake/pie	tarta	tart
soup	sopa	sopa
dry / dry / oe	seco / seca	seko / seka
sauce	salsa	salsa
sausages	salchichas	salchichas
salt	sal	sal
cheese	queso	queso
cake(s)	pastel / pasteles	pastel / pasteles
bread	pan	pan
orange(s)	naranja/naranjas	naranja / naranjas
vegetable stew	menestra	menestra
shellfish and shrimp	mariscosm	ariskos
apple(s)	manzana/ manzanas	manzana / manzanas
butter	mantequilla	Mantakiya
lemonade	limonada	lemonade
lemon	lemon	lemon
milk	leche	treat
lobster	langosta	Langosta
sherry	jerez	heres
egg	huevo	huevo
smoked ham	jamon serrano	jamon serrano
ice cream	helado	elado
large shrimp	gambas	gambas
dried fruits	fruits secos	frutos sekos
fruit / fruits	fruta/frutas	fruita
Bread	Pan	pan
The check, please.	La cuenta, por favor	La Cuenta, Port Favor
Cheese	Queso	queso
Seafood	Mariscos	mariscos
Fish	Pescado	paskado
Well done	Muy hecho	mui-echo
Medium-roasted	Poco hecho	Poko Echo
Meat	Carne	carne
Beverages	Bebidas	babydas
Wine	Vino	wine
Water	Agua	agua
Tea	Te	te
Coffee	Cafe	cafe
Dish of the day	El plato del dia	el plateau del día
Snacks	Los entremeses	los entremeses
First course	El primer plateau	el primer plateau
Dinner	La cena	La Sena
Dinner	La comida/El almuerzo	la comida / el almuerzo
Breakfast	El desayuno	El Desayno
Cup	Una taza	una-tasa
Plate	Un plateau	un-plateau
Spoon	Una cuchara	una-kuchara
Fork	Un tenedor	un-tenedor
Knife	Un cuchillo	un-kuchiyo
Bottle	Una botella	una-boteya
Glass / Shot glass	Una copa	una-copa
Cup	Un vaso	um-baso
Ashtray	Un cenicero	un-senisero
Wine list	La carta de vinos	la carta de vinos
Set lunch	Menu del dia	Mainu del Dia
Menu	La carta/El menu	la carta / el menu
Waiter/ka	Camarero/Camarera	camarero / camarera
I am a vegetarian	Soy vegetariano	soy vejetariano.
I want to reserve a table.	Quiero reservar una mesa	kyero rreservar una-mesa.
Beer	Cerveza	Servesa
Orange juice	Zumo de naranja	Sumo de naranja
Salt	Sal	Sal
Sugar	Azucar	Asúcar

In transport

Phrase in Russian	Translation	Pronunciation
Could you wait for me?	Puede esperarme, por favor.	puede esperarme por favor
right	a la derecha	a la derecha
Stop here please.	Pare aqui, por favor.	pare aki por favor
left	a la izquierda	a la Izquierda
Take me to the hotel...	Lleveme al hotel…	Lievem al otel
Take me to the train station.	Lleveme a la estacion de ferrocarril.	levéme a la estacion de ferrocarril
Take me to the airport.	Lleveme al aeropuerto.	levema al aeropuerto
Take me to this address.	Lleveme a estas senas.	l'evem and estas senyas
What is the tariff until...?	Cuanto es la tarifa a...?	quanto es la tariffa a
Can I leave my car at the airport?	Puedo dejar el coche en el aeropuerto?	Puedo dejar el coche en el aeropuerto?
Where can I get a taxi?	Donde puedo coger un taxi?	donde puedo kocher un taxi
How much does it cost?	Cuanto cuesta para una	Cuanto cuesta
a week?	semana?	una semana?
When should I return it?	Cuanto tengo que devolverlo?	Quanto tengo ke devolverlo?
Is insurance included in the price?	El precio incluye el seguro?	El precio inclue el seguro?
I want to rent a car	Quiero alquilar un coche	Quiero alkilar un koche

At the hotel

Phrase in Russian	Translation	Pronunciation
2 (3, 4, 5-) star	de dos (tres, cuatro, cinco) estrellas)	de dos (tres, cuatro, cinco) estrayas
Hotel	El hotel	el hotel
I have reserved a room	Tengo una habitacion reservada	tengo una-habitasion rreservada
Key	La llave	la-yawe
Receptionist	El botones	El Botones
room with square/palace view	habitacion que da a la plaza / al palacio	Habitacion que da a la plaza / al palacio
room with windows to the courtyard	habitacion que da al patio	Habitacion que da al-patyo
room with bath	habitacion con bano	Habitacion con Bagno
Single Room	habitacion individual	habitation individual
Double Room	habitacion con dos camas	Habitacion con dos camas
with double bed	con cama de matrimonio	konkama de matrimonyo
two bedroom suite	habitacion doble	Habitacion Doble
Do you have a free room?	Tienen una habitacion libre?	Tenen unabitacion libre?

Emergencies

Dates and times

Numerals

Phrase in Russian	Translation	Pronunciation
0	cero	sero
1	uno	uno
2	dos	dos
3	tres	tres
4	cuatro	quattro
5	cinco	Cinco
6	seis	seis
7	siete	siete
8	ocho	wow
9	nueve	nueve
10	diez	sharp
11	once	onse
12	doce	dose
13	trece	trese
14	catorce	katorse
15	quince	kinse
16	dieciseis	dyesisays
17	diecisiete	desisiete
18	dieciocho	diesiocho
19	diecinueve	Diesinuewe
20	veinte	wante
21	veintiuno	Veintiuno
22	veintidos	Vaintidos
30	treinta	trainta
40	cuarenta	karenta
50	cinquenta	cinquanta
60	sesenta	sesenta
70	setenta	setenta
80	ochenta	very much
90	noventa	noventa
100	cien (before nouns and adjectives) / ciento	sien/siento
101	ciento uno	siento uno
200	doscientos	dossientos
300	trescientos	Tressientos
400	cuatrocientos	quatrosientos
500	quinientos	quinientos
600	seiscientos	Seissientos
700	setecientos	setesientos
800	ochocientos	ococientos
900	novecientos	novicientos
1 000	mil	miles
10 000	diez mil	sharp miles
100 000	cien mil	cien miles
1 000 000	un million	one million

In the shop

Phrase in Russian	Translation	Pronunciation
Can I try this on?	Puedo probarmelo?	puedo probarmelo
Sale	Rebajas	rebahas
Too expensive.	Muy caro.	mui karo
Please write this.	Por favor, escribalo.	por favor escriballo
What is the price?	Cuanto es?	Quanto es
How much does it cost?	Cuanto cuesta esto?	Quanto questa esto
Show me this.	Ensenemelo.	ensenemelo
I would like to…	Quisiera..	Kisiera
Give it to me please.	Demelo, por favor.	Demelo por favor
Could you show it to me?	Puede usted ensenarme esto?	puede usted ensenyarme esto
Could you give it to me?	Puede darme esto?	puede darme esto
What else do you recommend?	Me puede recommend algo mas?	Mae puede recomendar algo mas?
Do you think this will suit me?	Que le parese, me queda bien?	Ke le parese, me queda bien?
Can you make a tax-exempt purchase?	Usted puede formalizar la compra libre de impuestos?	Usted puede formalisar la compra libre de impuestos?
Can I pay by credit card?	Puedo pagar con tarjeta?	Puedo pagar con tarheta?
I take this	Me quedo con esto	Me kado con esto
(smaller size?	grande(pequena)?	Grande (pequeña)?
Do you have a bigger one?	Tiene una talla mas	Tiene una taya mas
Can I try it on?	Puedo probar?	Puedo probar?
What if I take two?	Si voy a tomar dos?	Si boy a tomar dos?
Expensive	Caro	Caro
How much does it cost?	Cuanto vale?	Cointeau bale?

Tourism

Greetings – all the words necessary to greet or start a conversation with a resident of Spain.

Standard phrases - a list of all kinds of phrases and their pronunciation that will contribute to the development of the conversation and its maintenance. Here are collected many common phrases often used in communication.

Orientation in the city - in order not to get lost in one of the Spanish towns, keep this topic with you, it contains translations of phrases that will help you find your way to the place you need.

Transport - when traveling on public transport, you need to know the translation of a number of phrases and words, these are the words collected in this topic.

Hotel – so that you don’t have any difficulties when checking into a room or communicating with room service, use this topic.

Emergency situations - if some kind of misfortune happens to you or you feel unwell, seek help from passers-by using this section.

Dates and times - if you are confused about what date it is today, and you urgently need to clarify this issue, ask a passerby for help, this topic will help you with this. You can also check what time it is.

Shopping - words and their translations that will be needed in stores and markets.

Restaurant – When ordering a dish at a restaurant, make sure that it contains exactly the same ingredients that you would expect using this section. You can also use it to call the waiter, clarify your order and ask for a receipt.

Numbers and digits - all numbers from 0 to 1,000,000, translated into Spanish, their correct pronunciation and writing.
Tourism is the main selection of phrases and words for tourists. Words that no vacationer can do without.

Learning any language, including Spanish, is work that must begin with grammar, the basics. You can pronounce words perfectly, correctly place semantic accents and intonations, but without knowledge of tenses, declensions and conjugations, speech will be clumsy and incomprehensible. Often, students who start learning Spanish have fear in their eyes: there are so many nuances that need to be remembered. As they say, fear has big eyes. Thoughtful step-by-step immersion in grammar makes all the difference controversial issues, helps you understand the language and grasp all the key points.

It is impossible to cover a comprehensive course of Spanish grammar in one article; we tried to reveal its main aspects and focus on distinctive features with other Romance languages. Now, in order.

Basic Spanish Grammar

At the initial stages, it is important to gradually immerse yourself in the process. Learning grammar on your own is difficult. Much depends on the program and educational materials, which should be compiled by professionals. If you don’t like the format of the courses, work with a tutor who will teach you the basics and make a list of books and workbooks.

What you need to know about Spanish grammar:

• When composing a sentence, the subject, which is the subject, performs the action described by the verb. This ligament is found in almost all complete structures, with rare exceptions.
• Spanish has articles - function words, which are used before nouns, determine the subject. So articles related to masculine, - el, to feminine - la.
• In the relationship between a verb and a subject as a subject, the first must be consistent in person and number - that is, in Spanish, as in Russian, conjugation rules apply: I’m in a hurry to work, he’s in a hurry to work, they’re in a hurry to work, you’re in a hurry to work.

There are exceptions - Irregular Verbs, which are not conjugated.

• Verbs Spanish conjugated according to categories of time: future, past, present.

A simple sentence and its structure

• The sentence is the main part of speech, from which dialogues, monologues, articles, essays, letters (official and not so official) are made up. To interest your interlocutor, first of all, you need to learn how to express yourself competently. We'll tell you how to express your thoughts in one sentence.

Just like in Russian, the main active elements of Spanish sentences are the subject and the predicate. They act in an inextricable connection, but at the same time they may not be located nearby, in the vicinity of additions or circumstances. Here are some examples:

La casa es grande. Here the subject is La casa, the predicate is es, the modifier is grande. In Russian the predicate is omitted: the house is big. The subject performs classical functions - it is an object in relation to which the predicate performs specific actions. In Spanish, the subject can only be expressed by a noun or pronoun, as in many other languages. The predicate is a verb.

Negative sentences are formed using the particle no:

• El perro no es bueno - The dog is not kind;
• El coche no es nuevo - The car is not new.

Structure of interrogative sentences

Everything is simple here. To make an interrogative sentence, you only need to put the verb in the subject position - swap them. To do this, you do not need to use additional articles and particles. Here's an example:

• Ésta es la puerta - This is the door;
• Es ésta la puerta? - Is this a door?

To answer a question with a statement, put yes at the beginning of the sentence:

• Es la escuela nueva? - Is the school new?
• Sí, la escuela es nueva - Yes, the school is new.

If you want to answer in the negative, instead si we use no.

Another feature of Spanish grammar is that in interrogative sentences the definitions are ahead of the predicates and come before them:

• Es bella la mujer? - Is the woman beautiful?
• Son anchas las calles? - Are the streets wide?

Structure difference English sentences from Spanish - in the absence of the latter auxiliary verbs(do, did, does):

• Vas al cine? - Are you going to the cinema?
• Va tu padre al cine? - Is your father going to the cinema?

Use of personal pronouns

Personal pronouns in Spanish play the same role as in Russian. They are used in a sentence as analogues of subjects in the form of nouns. Let's give an example: A girl is getting ready for school - She is getting ready for school. Here the personal pronoun She replaces the subject Girl.

Often, in context, personal pronouns replace nouns - when it is already clear who the text is talking about. This allows you to avoid repetitions and convey your thoughts more clearly without unnecessary explanations. Spanish has the same system - there is no need to constantly use personal pronouns if they were previously used in previous sentences (unlike in English). Verbs in Spanish change in conjugation according to persons; in the text it is immediately clear which pronoun they refer to.
Singular personal pronouns:

• yo- I
  tú- You
  usted- You
  el- He
  ella- she.

Personal pronouns in the plural:

• nosotros- We
  vosotros- You
  ustedes- You (politely)
  ellos- they (masculine)
  ellas- they (feminine).

One of the features of Spanish and the difference from the Russian language is the absence of the personal pronoun It.

Pronoun yo

We are talking about the pronoun I, which in Russian always acts as a predicate in a sentence. In Spanish, the yo function is the same, only it is often omitted - it is implied, but not used in the text. For example: (Yo) Me voy. - I'm leaving.

Pronouns nosotros and nosotras

These pronouns are used when we're talking about about yourself and at the same time about someone. In Russian - We. The form nosotros speaks of the plural when there are both men and women in the group. The use of nosotras according to the rules is only possible in relation to the feminine gender:

• Jorge y yo (nosotros) jugamos al tenis. Jorge and I (we) play tennis.
• Luz y yo (nosotras) jugamos al tenis. Luce and I (we) play tennis.

Pronouns You and You (tú/usted)

We translate into Russian the scheme for using personal pronouns. When we say You, Spaniards - tú. Also, the meaning You has a respectful form - usted, which is used when addressing older people or within business ethics. It is customary to address children in Spanish as tú.

In communication between people, the usted form quickly transforms into tú - when the relationship develops into friendship. If you want to maintain subordination, keep distance between the interlocutor, it is better to use usted.

Examples of sentences with two forms:

• How about se llama usted? What is your (respectful) name?
• Vas tú con Juan en el auto? Will you go with Juan in the car?

Peculiarities of using the pronoun vosotros

This form of the personal pronoun You is used mainly in Spain. In other countries with Spanish-speaking populations, vosotros is included in the curriculum in schools, but is not used in everyday speech. So the residents Latin America as you say ustedes. This trend is explained by the blurring of the boundaries between the formal and informal forms of you (plural).

This pronoun is used when in a dialogue a person addresses a group of people at once. Vosotros - normative plural from the form tú. As mentioned above, in live speech ustedes is pronounced, which implies both a polite and a simple colloquial form:

• Adónde van ustedes dos? Where are you two going?
• Ustedes van conmigo, ¿Verdad? You guys will come with me. Fine?

Important note: If you want to use usted and ustedes as shorthand, they are always capitalized: Ud. (usted) and Uds. (ustedes). So in writing, according to the rules, it must be pronounced in full.

Dispute between ellos and ellas

The rule says: ellos (in Russian they) is used to refer to men and women in a group. The difference between the pronoun ellas is that it is used strictly in relation to a group of female persons. Here's an example:

• Juan y Jorge (ellos) escuchan. Juan and Jorge (they) are listening.
• Luz y Susana (ellas) escuchan. Luce and Susana (they) are listening.

Regular and irregular Spanish verbs

Let's start with the endings that are typical indefinite form verbs - infinitives. In Spanish these are combinations -ar, -er or -ir. Regardless of how the infinitives end, the verb, in turn, can be either regular or irregular. The conjugation rules of both groups are different from each other.

Conjugation regular verbs:

The conjugation pattern is easy to understand and remember. It is enough to learn how the verb changes to -ar, and you will be able to conjugate other words of the group expressed in the indefinite form without any problems. The same applies to verbs ending in -ir and -er. Everything is logically connected.

Conjugation of irregular verbs:

Here the situation is more complicated. Verbs often behave unpredictably. You will have to learn the forms of each of the verbs in correct form, otherwise you will make mistakes. They will understand your speech, the meaning will be preserved due to the other components of the sentence, but the sentence will sound ugly and illiterate. Therefore, try to remember all the endings well.

What you need to know about regular verbs

Conjugating spanish verbs, their basis - the root - does not change, does not shorten, does not lose a single letter. For example: preparar (translated into Russian - to cook) is an already modified form with the ending -ar. Let's look at other conjugation options: yo preparo; él, ella, usted prepara; tú preparations; vosotros, vosotras preparáis; nosotros, nosotras preparamos; ellos, ellas, ustedes preparan.

Now let's look at how verbs are conjugated in the correct form of the present tense ending in -er using the example of comprender (translated into Russian - to understand): yo comprendo; tú comprendes; él, ella, usted comprende; nosotros, nosotras comprendemos; vosotros, vosotras comprendéis; ellos, ellas, ustedes comprenden.

And let's talk about changing verbs to -ir in the correct present tense form. Let's break down the options with the word aburrir (to bother): yo aburro; tú aburres; él, ella, usted aburre; nosotros, nosotras aburrimos; vosotros, vosotras aburrís; ellos, ellas, ustedes aburren.

If you are just getting acquainted with the Spanish language and are still “swimming” in grammar, try to construct sentences in the present tense, these forms are easier to use and easiest to remember.

Irregular Verbs

Studying the conjugation of these verbs must be taken seriously; it is more difficult to remember than the correct ones. The main thing is to follow the diagram, which describes all the forms with endings. Carry the sign with you as a hint until you have it memorized.

Let's consider an example with the word tener (translated into Russian - to have). The root is ten, changing in the present tense to the forms tien and teng. Here you can see a pattern similar to the conjugation of regular verbs ending in er.

Here are some examples:

• yo tengo; tú tienes; él, ella, usted tiene; nosotros, nosotras tenemos; vosotros, vosotras tenéis; ellos, ellas, ustedes tienen.

It is best to memorize the conjugation scheme for irregular verbs - this way you will avoid mistakes in sentence construction, combination with subject, attribute and object.

When starting to learn Spanish grammar, don’t try to grasp the immensity. This is impossible. Step-by-step immersion in the topic and practicing the material in practice will help you master the basics of the language and achieve a fluent conversational level.

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Detalles Category: Spanish Grammar

We look at the grammar in phrases like “I don’t know what time he will come” (indirect question).

The question can be asked directly, for example:

– ¿ Cuántos años tienes?
– ¿ Qué Quieres para comer?
– ¿Quieres venir con nosotros al cine?

Or indirectly, for example:

– Me gustaría saber qué llevas en esa mochila. I'd like to know what's in that backpack.
– Te importaria decirme cuántos años tienes. Tell me, if possible, how old you are.

In this case, do not put question marks. The question word is written with accent, as in the direct question.

– Me ha pedido mamá que te pregunte que qué Quieres para comer. Mom asked me to ask you what you want for lunch (what do you want to eat).
– Dice que no sabe qué hacer. He says he doesn't know what to do.

If there is no question word, a conjunction is used si.

–Andrés dice que si has comprado la cena. Andres asks if you bought dinner.
– Ayer hablé con Jesús y quería saber si Quieres venir con nosotros al cine. I talked to Jesus yesterday, he wanted to know if you wanted to go to the movies with us.

Examples

Dime si Quieres quedarte aquí. Let me know if you want to stay here.

Me pregunto qué le ha pasado. I wonder what happened to him?

No sabía donde lo había puesto. I didn't know where I put it.

Pregunta si has recibido la carta o no. He/she asks whether you received the letter or not.

Me pregunto por qué Venden el auto justo ahora. I wonder why they are selling the car now?

Puedo imagine de donde salió ese chisme. I can imagine where this rumor came from.

Me interesting saber cuánto gana. I'm interested to know how much he earns.

Le pedí que averiguara donde se pueden comprar esos repuestos. I asked him to find out where I could buy these

As a rule, the construction and order of words in Spanish sentences do not cause difficulties, since they are as close as possible to Russian (unlike English, for example). The Spanish language does not assume a special pattern, but there are still some nuances regarding interrogative sentences.

An interrogative sentence has two construction options.

First way

If the sentence contains general question, then the word order is usually indirect. That is, in this case, the verb comes first before the subject. For example.

1. ¿Duermen los niños? - Kids are sleeping?
2. ¿Vas a la estación? -Are you going to the station?
3. ¿Lee Usted el libro? – Are you reading a book?
4. ¿Piensas en el divorcio? – Are you thinking about divorce?

If the interrogative sentence is also negative at the same time, then again there is nothing complicated. The negation “not” is placed together with the verb in first place.

1. ¿No duermen los niños? – The children don’t sleep?
2. ¿No vas a la estación? -Aren't you going to the station?
3. ¿No lee Usted el libro? -Are you not reading a book?
4. ¿No piensas en el divorcio? -Aren't you thinking about divorce?

If the predicate is nominal, then the subject, which is expressed by a personal pronoun, is placed between the linking verb and the nominal part of the predicate. For example.

1. ¿Es Usted italiano? - Are you Italian?
2. ¿Es una chica guapa? – Is she an attractive girl?
3. ¿Eres muy generoso? - You are very generous?
4. ¿Eres feliz? - Are you happy?

The same is true in cases where the interrogative sentence is negative.

1. ¿No es Usted italiano? -Aren't you Italian?
2. ¿No es una chica guapa? – She’s not an attractive girl?
3. ¿No eres muy generoso? -Are you not very generous?
4. ¿No eres feliz? -Aren't you happy?

There are also sentences that begin with question words such as: what (qué), where (d ó nde), where (ad ó nde), from where (de d ó nde), why (por qué), when (сuándo) and so on. Note that they all have accent marks. It's theirs characteristic. If they are used without an accent mark, then they serve as comparative pronouns.

In this case, the construction rule is similar to the first example. That is, the verb is placed in front of the noun, but is placed after the question word. For example.

1. ¿Cuándo vas a la estación? – When will you go to the station?
2. ¿Qué quieres comprar en la tienda? -What do you want to buy in the store?
3. ¿Por qué lees este libro? – Why are you reading this book?
4. ¿Cuál de las camisas es tuya? -Which shirt is yours?

If there is a negation, they will be constructed as follows:

1. ¿Cuándo no vas a la estación? - When will you not go to the station?
2. ¿Que no quieres comprar en la tienda? – What don’t you want to buy in the store? (This means that you are such and such, you don’t want to buy! - with dissatisfaction)
3. ¿Por qué no lees este libro? – Why don’t you read this book?
4. ¿Cuál camisa no es tuya? – Which shirt is not yours?

That is, in any case, the negation is always placed before the verb, wherever it is located in the sentence.

I also have two forms of answers to questions: full and short. For example.

That is, a complete answer implies repetition of the sentence when answering completely, and short form means only a superficial answer.

Second way

The second method is much simpler and does not require any effort on the part of the speaker. IN in this case, all words remain in their places and do not require any rearrangement. For example.

1. El museo está a la derecha, ¿no? – The museum is located on the right, isn’t it?
2. El vestido es muy bonito, ¿verdad? – The dress is very beautiful, isn’t it?
3. Ella es muy simpática, ¿verdad? – She’s very pretty, isn’t she?
4. No tienes bolsa, no? – You don’t have a bag, do you?

You just need to ask a question by changing the intonation in your voice. Moreover, the intonation should increase on the last question words No? and ¿verdad?

To consolidate the learned information, you can perform several exercises.

Tasks

Exercise No. 1. Transform Data declarative sentences V interrogative form, changing the shape of the face (by converting the pronoun “I” to the pronoun “you”, for example).

1. No tengo tiempo. - I have no time.
2. Soy feliz. - I'm happy.
3. Estamos tristes. - We are sad.
4. Quiero leer el libro. – I want to read a book.
5. No puedo ayudarte. - I can not help you.

Answers:

1. ¿Tienes tiempo? - You have time?
2. ¿Eres feliz? - Are you happy?
3. ¿Estas triste? -Are we sad?
4. ¿Quieres leer el libro? – Do you want to read a book?
5. ¿Puedes ayudarme? - You can help me?

Exercise No. 2. Reply to next questions, using three forms of responses: positive, negative and short negative, respectively.

1. ¿Eres belga? -Are you Belgian?
2. ¿Es él muy generoso? – Is he very generous?
3. ¿Es Usted ruso? - You are Russian?

Answers:

1. Sí, soy belga. - Yes, I'm Belgian.
2. No, no es muy generoso. - No, he is not very generous.
3. No, no lo soy. - No. (Literally: I am not one).

Hola, Me llamo Alex. ¡Bienvenido a bordo! Hello my Name Is Alex. Welcome aboard Spanish from Scratch! Our lessons are published every week, so subscribe to our channel so as not to miss interesting lessons.

Watch video lesson from the course: Spanish from scratch:

Today we will look at 10 useful and popular questions in Spanish. They will be useful not only for students of Spanish, but also for people who travel or go on vacation to Spanish-speaking countries.

And we will start with the most basic question, most likely for most this is a long-familiar and worn-out question. But we simply must consider it.

Question one: What is your name? in Spanish it says: Como te llamas?
If you watched the video carefully, you already know that answering is as easy as asking, for example: Me llamo Alex - My name is Alex.

Question two: Where are you from? - De donde eres? - If you were asked this question, you can answer: ¡Soy de Rusia! - I'm from Russia. or ¡Soy de Moscú! - I am from Moscow.

Question three: Do you speak English? ¿Habla ingles? or do you speak Russian? ¿Habla ruso?
Please note that this is a formal question, more formal. If you are speaking in an informal setting, is it okay to say ¿Hablas inglés? those. add the letter S [ese] to the end of the word.

Question four: Where is the toilet? - Donde está el baño? - Of course, if you press hard, they will understand you without words, but it’s better if you speak and not show. Moreover, it is a very good design. With its help, you can ask any question, for example: Where is the exit? Donde está la salida?

In Spain you will often see a sign with this word: Salida

Question five: What time is it now? ¿Qué hora es? - Everyone has phones and watches, but anything can happen, the phone is dead or the watch was left at the hotel. You can answer this way, for example, you want to say that it is now six o’clock, say son las seis. Don’t worry, in the next lessons we will go through everything in detail and many times, subscribe to the channel so you don’t miss it.

Question six: Is there a bank nearby? Hay un banco cerca? - Please note, this is also a very good design, with its help you can ask about any institution or place where you would like to go. Another example: Hay un supermercado cerca? - Is there a supermarket nearby?

Question seven: How can I get to the beach from here? Como llego a la playa? or Como llego a el supermercado? How do I get to the supermarket?

Question eight: Would you like some tea? ¿Quieres un té?

You can answer: Si - i.e. yes, or say this: Quiero el té con limón - I want tea with lemon

Question nine: Do you have money? Tienes dinero?

And the tenth question: Can you help me? ¿Me puedes ayudar?