Rospotrebnadzor noted a surge in the incidence of HIV infection: last year, 43% more Muscovites became infected with it than in 2014.
The capital's Rospotrebnadzor is sounding the alarm: in 2015, the number of city residents infected with HIV was almost twice as high as the year before. If two years ago there were 1,626 “positive” people, then in 2015 there were already 2,358. Experts say that the crisis is to blame: there is not enough money to finance special programs, HIV prevention and education of people have stopped.
The sad citywide statistics were broken down by district, and it turned out that the leaders in the number of cases were New Moscow and Zelenograd.
Interestingly, almost half of all those infected in 2015 were Muscovites, approaching mature age(30-39 years old). A quarter of those infected are young people aged 20-29 years. Most often, this terrible diagnosis is given to men - 63%. Z Drug addicts who become infected when using someone else's syringes are most often affected. This turned out to be 53%. About 40% of cases of infection are due to unprotected sexual contacts, and about 1.5% are due to homosexual relations. Insignificant proportions include mother-to-child transmission of HIV and infection in medical institutions.Moreover, HIV is also diagnosed in teenagers who have not reached the “age of consent.” However, last year there were almost a quarter fewer infected children under 17 years of age: 29 people throughout Moscow.
Judging by the report of specialists, infected mothers in Moscow give birth to mostly healthy children. Rospotrebnadzor calculated that from 2013 to 2015, HIV-positive mothers gave birth to 1,902 children, and only 32 of them had a terrible diagnosis. In 2015, 682 babies were born, but the infection was transmitted to only eight. In 2014, by comparison, much fewer children were born - 593, but the virus was transmitted to twelve of them. That is, there is a decrease in cases of virus transmission.
In three last year doctors examined in Moscow13.2 million people are virtually the entire population of the city.In 2015, 4.6 million people were tested for HIV. There are twice as many foreigners among them as in 2014. It is possible that it was foreigners who influenced the negative statistics for 2015 on HIV incidence.
If we tested all migrants, internal and external, this figure would be four times higher,” says Kirill Barsky, head of programs at the Steps AIDS Foundation.- It is impossible to count all migrants with diagnosed HIV infection, because our legislation is structured in such a way that a sick foreigner is deported from the country without the right to enter. Migrants know this and are not tested. And if one of them is diagnosed with HIV, they try to escape underground. Without receiving proper treatment, they themselves partly become the source of the epidemic.
Mainly Russian center in the fight against AIDS attribute the increase in infections in Moscow to insufficient funding for special programs.
The number of cases is growing, but there is no downward trend. main reason“lack of normal prevention,” the director told Life Federal Center Ministry of Health for the Fight against AIDS Vadim Pokrovsky. - In general, there should be a unified state program to combat HIV, but in our country no one is doing this yet.
The head of the Ministry of Health, Veronika Skvortsova, already warned a few days ago that if funding for special programs does not increase, then by 2020The HIV epidemic may already cover the whole of Russia.
Experts from the non-profit partnership E.V.A., which provides support to HIV-infected mothers and their children, believe that the number of “positive” cases in Moscow has increased, among other factors, due to pure mathematics: in 2015, people were tested more often.
In 2015, testing programs throughout Russia were increased, covering a wide range of more people. The events were carried out as non-profit organizations, and medical government institutions: they invited people to anonymously take tests and told them how to fight and how to live with HIV, project coordinator E.V.A. told Life. Alexey Lakhov.
In 2017, 2.6 billion rubles less will be allocated for programs to reduce mortality and prevent the transmission of HIV to children. This money should have been allocated under the “Maternal and Child Health Protection from 2013 to 2020” program. Experts say Russia is one of the world leaders in reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
- In our country this figure remains around two percent, butFunding for the program is now being reduced. And this could lead to the fact that the percentage of virus transmission, which we have achieved with such difficulty, will creep up,” Lakhov warns. - Two percent is a significant achievement, which, I hope, no one will throw away.
Despite problems with funding, the infection is being fought to the maximum. Last year, 13 thousand registered patients received treatment in Moscow.
In 2015, 27.9 thousand HIV-infected people out of 28.6 thousand subject to observation underwent dispensary observation at the Moscow City Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS; dispensary observation coverage was 97.8%.
Previously Life Since 1987, when the first case of the virus was registered in Russia, the total number of cases has approached 750 thousand people. HIV-infected people have the right to receive drugs that suppress the virus free of charge from the government. But not everyone gets it. According to Health Minister Veronika Skvortsova, medications are now being given to 37% of those infected. The plan is to cover 60% by 2020.
Moreover, in some regions there is not enough money even to provide patients with the minimum necessary therapy. Prices for medicines are rising because 90% of procurement tenders are held without competition, and 27 billion rubles of budget money are shared fraternally by several private companies.
And all this despite the fact that great amount patients either do not know about the disease at all, or are in no hurry to register and receive free medicines. Many are afraid that they will be fired from work, or that their loved ones will turn away from them if they find out about the disease. Therefore, in the government, those who have not registered with regional AIDS centers. Punishments will be prescribed for violators. Deputy Prime Minister Olga Golodets has already instructed the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and other departments to hold a public discussion of this idea.
As a result of infection, about 45 million people have died in the entire history of the disease. Russia is one of the ten countries in which the disease is developing at the fastest pace. According to the Federal Scientific methodological center, which fights AIDS and prevents it, more than 1 million Russians are infected.
At the end of September 2016, the number of HIV-infected people was 1,087,339. Of the indicated number of patients, 233 thousand patients died. This data was provided by the head of the Center. At the same time, the UNAIDS regional director reported that in 2015, the HIV level was higher, and in terms of the number of recorded cases of infection, Russia ranked third among all countries in the world. However, the established number of HIV-infected people does not reflect the real picture of the incidence, since not all patients are registered with the AIDS center.
What is the percentage of HIV-infected people in Russia?
In some regions, the percentage of HIV infection is more than 1%. The number of such entities in the Russian Federation corresponds to 15 regions. First of all, they focus on the number of infected pregnant women.
According to V. Pokrovsky, the situation is worsening, namely, the transition of a concentrated epidemic into a generalized one. More than 1% of pregnant women are infected. The percentage of HIV infection among pregnant women is quite high - approximately 1.5-2%. Data are provided for 15 regions of the Russian Federation that have undergone generalization of the epidemic.
Pokrovsky also reported that a concentrated epidemic is occurring in the country, affecting separate groups population. High risk sex workers, homosexuals and drug users are targeted. Many Russians belonging to these groups are becoming infected.
What is the percentage of HIV infection in risk groups?
A concentrated epidemic is established when the percentage of people infected with HIV in certain categories is 5%. On this moment About 20% of drug addicts are infected. When determining the percentage of HIV transmission among men who have sexual intercourse with infected people of the same sex, 10% of cases of introduction of the pathogen are indicated. Listed groups population are the most vulnerable.
Active distribution narcotic substances happened back in the 90s, and the reason for this was weakened control by government agencies. People tried to make money different ways, among the most common options was drug trafficking. Many still consider it as the most easy way increase in income. The number of drug addicts was huge back in Soviet times. A large proportion of people dependent on chemical substances, used various drugs intravenously. Until 2001, the number of HIV patients increased, 87 thousand people were recorded whose body was affected by the infection in this way.
What is the percentage of HIV infection among Russians? The majority of patients are drug dependent. An adequate response to the spread of infection was not immediately ensured, which is why in 2003 there were about 35 thousand new cases of infection. With each subsequent year there were more of them. When determining what percentage of HIV infections were recorded in 2015, they call approximate figure in 100 thousand people, that is, during the year, about 270 people became carriers of the retrovirus every day.
When assessing the number of AIDS patients, it is worth noting the need to introduce special programs aimed at reducing the incidence of infection among people who are at greatest risk. V. Pokrovsky reported that half of the infected are drug users. According to various sources, the percentage of AIDS infections in the country is high, the number of patients is about 2 million people. It is not easy to identify all carriers and examine them, and no one will force them to take medications to improve their condition. Sex workers also pose a danger. But the implementation of special programs is not provided for any of these groups.
Percentage of people infected with HIV in Russia among drug addicts
UNAIDS reports the importance of developing and implementing special programs to reduce the percentage of AIDS patients. In Russia it is fixed a large number of cases of virus infection due to injection drug use. In the Russian Federation, the highest percentage of HIV transmission among drug addicts is more than 50%, which, when compared with other countries, reflects a neglected situation.
Many countries around the world have learned to deal with this problem, which has made it possible to achieve some improvements regarding the spread of the disease among patients who use psychotropic substances. It is not easy to treat such patients; prevention is more effective. In many countries, people dependent on drugs are provided with information that is helpful to their situation and helps them avoid infection. Help consists not only of providing instructions on the use of instruments and cleaning the injection site, but patients are also offered replacement therapy.
Considering what percentage of people infected with HIV through used HIV is recorded in Russia, without comprehensive preventive measures not enough. The country has not yet reached a consensus; many disputes arise regarding the effectiveness of activities carried out in other countries. However, it is obvious that as a result of the measures taken, the percentage of HIV-infected people in foreign countries decreases. In Europe, a small percentage of infection is recorded due to the introduction of drugs into the body. Examples include Germany and France. What percentage suffers from AIDS in these countries? The figures are minimal, in Germany - 6-8%, in France - only 1%.
What is the percentage of HIV infection due to drug addiction in Russia? If we compare the Russian Federation with other countries, the infection rate among drug addicts is high, more than 20% and continues to increase.
What is the percentage of AIDS infection among people engaged in prostitution and engaging in homosexual relationships?
Many sex workers use drugs, which significantly worsens the situation and increases the risk of retrovirus transmission. For such population groups, special programs have been developed around the world aimed at teaching safety rules.
Homosexuals are also at risk. This route of infection is the most common in Germany, the rate is very high, 75% of new cases of infection are recorded. How many more people are at risk of contracting HIV? What percentage of the population can be infected if there is no prevention? The importance of preventative measures cannot be underestimated. In Norway and France, people at risk are given drugs that reduce the likelihood of transmitting the pathogen. In the Russian Federation, men have to take care of their health on their own. Currently, the government does not allocate money for the implementation of effective preventive measures; even infected people do not receive full medical care and are forced to undergo treatment on their own. In 2016, the provision of financial assistance to HIV-infected patients remained at the 2015 level, despite the fact that the number of patients increased significantly. An increase in the amount of funds allocated from the budget is required, which will make it possible to purchase new medications that help slow the progression of AIDS.
Basic indicators
At the beginning of 2017, the total number of cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens reached 1,114,815 people ( in the world - 36.7 million HIV-infected people, incl. 2.1 million CHILDREN). Of these, 243,863 HIV-infected people died for various reasons (not only from AIDS, but from all causes) (according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on measures for the prevention of HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identification and treatment of HIV patients”) . In December 2016, 870,952 Russians were living with a diagnosis of HIV infection.
As of July 1, 2017, the number of HIV-infected people in Russia amounted to 1,167,581 people, of which 259,156 people died for various reasons (in the first half of 2017, 14,631 HIV-infected people had already died, which is 13.6% more, than in 6 months of 2016). The rate of HIV infection among the population of the Russian Federation in 2017 was 795.3 people infected with HIV per 100 thousand of the population of Russia.
In 2016, 103,438 new cases of HIV infection were identified among Russian citizens ( 1.8 million in the world), which is 5.3% more than in 2015. Since 2005, the country has registered an increase in the number of newly identified cases of HIV infection; in 2011-2016, the annual increase averaged 10%.
The incidence rate of HIV infection in 2016 was 70.6 per 100 thousand population.
In terms of the growth rate of HIV infection, Russia has taken 3rd place after the Republic of South Africa and Nigeria.* (V.V. Pokrovsky).
*/approx. the statement is ambiguous, because not all countries estimate equally well the number of HIV-infected people, who also need to be identified for money (for example, in Ukraine, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, where there is hardly enough money to screen the population for HIV.
In addition, judging by the identification of a huge number of HIV-infected guest workers, the prevalence of HIV in these countries is several times higher than in the Russian Federation)/.
During the first half of 2017, 52,766 HIV-infected Russian citizens were identified in Russia. The incidence rate of HIV infection in the first half of 2017 was 35.9 cases of HIV infection per 100 thousand population.
The most new cases in 2017 were detected in the Kemerovo, Irkutsk, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tomsk, Tyumen regions, as well as in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.
Video. Incidence in Russia, March - May 2017.
An increase in the growth rate of new cases of HIV infection in 2017 (but the overall incidence of HIV infection is low) is observed in the Vologda region, Tyva, Mordovia, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Moscow, Vladimir, Tambov, Yaroslavl, Sakhalin and Kirov regions.
Growth in the total (cumulative) number of registered cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens from 1987 to 2016.
The growing number of HIV-infected Russians from 1987 to 2016.
HIV in regions and cities
In 2016, the following regions and cities were leaders in terms of morbidity rates in the Russian Federation:
Kemerovo region(228.8 new cases of HIV infection were registered per 100 thousand population - a total of 6,217 HIV-infected people), incl. in the city of Kemerovo there are 1,876 HIV-infected people.
Irkutsk region(163.6%000 - 3,951 HIV-infected). In 2017, 1,784 new HIV-infected people were identified in the Irkutsk region over 5 months. In 2016, 2,450 new HIV infections were registered in the city of Irkutsk, and 1,107 in 2017. Almost 2% of the population of the Irkutsk region are infected with HIV.
Samara Region(161.5%000 - 5,189 HIV-infected, including 1,201 HIV-infected in the city of Samara), for 7 months of 2017 - 1,184 people. (59.8%000).
Sverdlovsk region(156.9%000 - 6,790 HIV-infected), incl. in the city of Yekaterinburg there are 5,874 HIV-infected people (the most HIV-infected city in Russia / or are they well identified? ed./).
Chelyabinsk region(154.0%000 - 5,394 HIV-infected),
Tomsk region(138.0%000 - 1,489 people),
Novosibirsk region(137.1% 000) region (3,786 people), incl. in the city of Novosibirsk there are 3,213 HIV-infected people.
Krasnoyarsk region(129.5%000 - 3,716 people),
Perm region(125.1%000 - 3,294 people),
Altai region(114.1% 000 - 2,721 people) region,
Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug- Yugra (124.7% 000 - 2,010 people, every 92nd resident is infected),
Orenburg region(117.6%000 - 2,340 people), in 1 quarter. 2017 - 650 people. (32.7%000).
Omsk region(110.3% 000 - 2,176 people), over 8 months of 2017, 1,360 cases were identified, the incidence rate was 68.8% 000.
Kurgan region(110.1%000 - 958 people),
Ulyanovsk region(97.2% 000 - 1,218 people), in 1 quarter. 2017 - 325 people. (25.9%000).
Tver region(74.0%000 - 973 people),
Nizhny Novgorod Region(71.1% 000 - 2,309 people) region, in 1 sq. 2017 - 613 people. (18.9%000).
Republic of Crimea(83.0%000 - 1,943 people),
Khakassia(82.7%000 - 445 people),
Udmurtia(75.1%000 - 1,139 people),
Bashkortostan(68.3%000 - 2,778 people), in 1 quarter. 2017 - 688 people. (16.9%000).
Moscow(62.2%000 - 7,672 people)
Tyumen region(150.5% 000 - 2,224 people - 1.1% of the population), in the first half of 2017, 1,019 new cases of HIV infection were identified in the Tyumen region (an increase of 14.4% compared to the same period last year year, then 891 HIV-infected people were registered), incl. 3 teenagers. The Tyumen region is one of the regions where HIV infection is recognized as an epidemic.
%000 is the number of HIV-infected people per 100 thousand population.
Table No. 1.
The number of HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection by regions and regions of Russia (TOP). Interactive table with sorting capabilities.
How many HIV-infected people have been identified in the regions of the Russian Federation?
What is the incidence rate in the regions per 100 thousand population.
Kemerovo region |
6217 |
228,8 |
Irkutsk region |
3951 |
163,6 |
Samara Region |
5189 |
161,5 |
Sverdlovsk region |
6790 |
156,9 |
Chelyabinsk region |
5394 |
154,0 |
Tyumen region |
2224 |
150,5 |
Tomsk |
1489 |
138,0 |
Novosibirsk |
3786 |
137,1 |
Krasnoyarsk |
3716 |
129,5 |
Permian |
3294 |
125,1 |
Altaic |
2721 |
114,1 |
KHMAO |
2010 |
124,7 |
Orenburgskaya |
2340 |
117,6 |
Omsk |
2176 |
110,3 |
Kurganskaya |
958 |
110,1 |
Ulyanovskaya |
1218 |
97,2 |
Tverskaya |
973 |
74,0 |
Nizhny Novgorod |
2309 |
71,1 |
Republic of Crimea |
1943 |
83,0 |
Khakassia |
445 |
82,7 |
Udmurtia |
1139 |
75,1 |
Bashkortostan |
2778 |
68,3 |
Table No. 2.
The number of HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection in Russian cities (TOP). How many HIV-infected people have been identified in Russian cities?
HIV incidence rates in Russian cities.
Ekaterinburg |
5874 |
406,7 |
Irkutsk |
2450 |
393,0 |
Kemerovo |
1876 |
339,2 |
Novosibirsk |
3213 |
202,8 |
Samara |
1201 |
102,6 |
Moscow |
7672 |
62,2 |
Leading cities in terms of the number of identified HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection: Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Samara.
The subjects of the Russian Federation most affected by HIV infection.
The most significant growth (rate, growth rate of new HIV cases per unit time) of incidence in 2016 was observed in the Republic of Crimea, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Territory, Belgorod, Yaroslavl, Arkhangelsk regions, Sevastopol, Chuvash, Kabardino-Balkarian Republics, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan Region, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Samara region and the Jewish Autonomous Region.
Number of newly identified cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens in 1987-2016
Distribution of the number of new HIV cases by year (1987-2016).
The prevalence of HIV infection in the Russian population as of December 31, 2016 was 594.3 per 100 thousand people.
Cases of HIV infection have been registered in all regions of the Russian Federation. In 2017, the incidence rate was 795.3 per 100 thousand.
A high incidence of HIV infection (more than 0.5% of the entire population) was registered in the 30 largest and predominantly economically successful regions, where 45.3% of the country’s population lived.
Dynamics of HIV prevalence and incidence rates in the population of the Russian Federation in 1987-2016.
Incidence and prevalence of HIV in the Russian Federation.
The most affected constituent entities of the Russian Federation include:
Irkutsk region (1636.0%000 - 39473 people). In total, 49,494 people were identified as HIV-infected at the beginning of 2017; at the beginning of June (almost six months) of 2017, 51,278 people were registered with a diagnosis of HIV infection. Over the entire period, more than 31,818 people were identified in the city of Irkutsk.
Kemerovo region(1582.5%000 - 43000 people), including in the city of Kemerovo more than 10,125 patients with HIV infection are registered.
Samara Region(1476.9%000 - 47350 people),
Orenburg region(1217.0%000 - 24276 people) regions,
(1201.7%000 - 19550 people),
Leningrad region(1147.3%000 - 20410 people),
Tyumen region(1085.4% 000 - 19,768 people), as of July 1, 2017 - 20,787 people.
Chelyabinsk region(1079.6%000 - 37794 people),
Novosibirsk region(1021.9%000 - 28227 people) region. As of May 19, 2017, more than 34 thousand HIV-infected people were registered in the city of Novosibirsk - every 47 residents of Novosibirsk have HIV (!). As of August 1, 2017, 34,879 people infected with HIV were registered in the Novosibirsk region.
Perm region(950.1%000 - 25030 people) - Berezniki, Krasnokamsk and Perm are mostly severely affected by HIV,
Saint Petersburg(978.6%000 - 51140 people),
Ulyanovsk region(932.5%000 - 11728 people),
Republic of Crimea(891.4%000 - 17000 people),
Altai region(852.8%000 - 20268 people),
Krasnoyarsk region(836.4%000 - 23970 people),
Kurgan region(744.8%000 - 6419 people),
Tver region(737.5%000 - 9622 people),
Tomsk region(727.4%000 - 7832 people),
Ivanovo region(722.5%000 - 7440 people),
Omsk region(644.0%000 - 12741 people), as of September 1, 2017, 16,275 cases of HIV infection were registered, the incidence rate was 823.0%000.
Murmansk region(638.2%000 - 4864 people),
Moscow region(629.3%000 - 46056 people),
Kaliningrad region(608.4%000 - 5941 people).
Moscow(413.0%000 - 50909 people)
Sverdlovsk region (1,647.9% of 000 people living with HIV are registered per 100 thousand population - 71,354 people. In 2017, there are already about 86 thousand people infected with HIV), including in the city of Yekaterinburg more than 27,131 HIV-infected people are registered, i.e. . Every 50th city resident is infected with HIV - this is a real epidemic. Serov (1454.2% 000 - 1556 people). 1.5 percent of the population of the city of Serov is infected with HIV.
Table No. 3.
Rating of Russian regions according to the prevalence of HIV infection in the population. The number of HIV-infected people identified in different territories of the Russian Federation in absolute numbers and calculated per 100 thousand population of the represented region.
Sverdlovsk region |
1647,9 |
71354 |
Irkutsk region |
1636,0 |
39473 |
Kemerovo region |
1582,5 |
43000 |
Samara Region |
1476,9 |
47350 |
Orenburg region |
1217,0 |
24276 |
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug |
1201,7 |
19550 |
Leningrad region |
1147,3 |
20410 |
Tyumen region |
1085,4 |
19768 |
Chelyabinsk region |
1079,6 |
37794 |
Novosibirsk region |
1021,9 |
28227 |
Perm region |
950,1 |
25030 |
Ulyanovsk region |
932,5 |
11728 |
Republic of Crimea |
891,4 |
17000 |
Altai region |
852,8 |
20268 |
Krasnoyarsk region |
836,4 |
23970 |
Kurgan region |
744,8 |
6419 |
Tver region |
737,5 |
9622 |
Tomsk region |
727,4 |
7832 |
Ivanovo region |
722,5 |
7440 |
Omsk region |
644,0 |
12741 |
Murmansk region |
638,2 |
4864 |
Moscow region |
629,3 |
46056 |
Kaliningrad region |
608,4 |
5941 |
Age structure
The highest level of HIV infection in the population is observed in the group of 30-39 years old; 2.8% of Russian men aged 35-39 years lived with an established diagnosis of HIV infection.
Women become infected with HIV at a younger age; already in the age group of 25-29 years, about 1% were infected with HIV; the proportion of infected women in the age group of 30-34 is even higher - 1.6%.
Over the past 15 years, the age structure among newly diagnosed patients has radically changed.
In 2000, 87% of patients received a diagnosis of HIV infection before age 30.
Adolescents and young people aged 15-20 years accounted for 24.7% of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection in 2000; as a result of the annual decrease in 2016, this group amounted to only 1.2%.
Diagram. Age and gender of HIV-infected people.
In 2016, HIV infection was predominantly detected in Russians aged 30-40 years (46.9%) and 40-50 years old (19.9%), the proportion of young people aged 20-30 years decreased to 23.2%.
An increase in the proportion of newly identified cases was also observed in older age groups, and cases of sexually transmitted HIV infection in old age have become more frequent.
It should be noted that with a low level of testing coverage among adolescents and young people, more than 1,100 cases of HIV infection are registered annually among persons aged 15-20 years.
According to preliminary data greatest number HIV-infected adolescents (15-17 years old) were registered in 2016 in the Kemerovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, Samara regions, Altai, Perm, Krasnoyarsk territories and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main cause of HIV infection among adolescents is unprotected sex with HIV-infected partner (77% of cases among girls, 61% among boys).
Structure of the dead
In 2016, 30,550 (3.4%) patients with HIV infection died in the Russian Federation (10.8% more than in 2015) according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on measures to prevent HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identification and treatment of HIV patients.”
The highest annual mortality rate was recorded in the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Republic of Mordovia, the Kemerovo Region, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Ulyanovsk Region, the Republic of Adygea, Tambov region, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Chuvash Republic, Samara region, Primorsky Krai, Tula region, Krasnodar, Perm territories, Kurgan region.
Treatment coverage
In 2016, 675,403 patients infected with HIV were registered at dispensaries in specialized medical organizations, which amounted to 77.5% of the number of 870,952 Russians living with a diagnosis of HIV infection in December 2016, according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form.
In 2016, 285,920 patients received antiretroviral therapy in Russia, including patients in prison.
In the first half of 2017, 298,888 patients received antiretroviral therapy; approximately 100,000 new patients were added to therapy in 2017 (most likely there will not be enough drugs for everyone, since the purchase was based on 2016 figures).
Treatment coverage in 2016 in the Russian Federation was 32.8% of the number of registered persons diagnosed with HIV infection; among those undergoing dispensary observation, 42.3% of patients were covered by antiretroviral therapy.
The achieved treatment coverage does not serve as a preventive measure and does not allow to radically reduce the rate of spread of the disease. The number of patients with active tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection is growing; the largest number of such patients is registered in the regions of the Urals and Siberia.
HIV testing coverage
In 2016, 30,752,828 blood samples of Russian citizens and 2,102,769 blood samples of foreign citizens were tested for HIV in Russia.
The total number of tested serum samples from Russian citizens increased by 8.5% compared to 2015, and among foreign citizens decreased by 12.9%.
In 2016, the maximum number of positive immunoblot results in Russians was detected in the entire history of observation - 125,416 (in 2014 - 121,200 positive results).
The number of positive results in the immunoblot includes those identified anonymously, not included in the statistical data, and children with an undifferentiated diagnosis of HIV infection, and therefore differs significantly from the number of new registered cases of HIV infection.
For the first time, 103,438 patients tested positive for HIV.
Representatives of vulnerable groups of the population in 2016 made up a small part of those screened for HIV in Russia - 4.7%, but 23% of all new cases of HIV infection were identified among these groups.
When testing even a small number of representatives of these groups, it is possible to identify many patients: in 2016, among the examined drug users, 4.3% were diagnosed as HIV-positive for the first time, among MSM - 13.2%, among contact persons during an epidemiological investigation - 6.4%, prisoners - 2.9%, patients with STIs - 0.7%.
Transmission Path Structure
In 2016, the role of sexual transmission of HIV infection increased significantly.
According to preliminary data, among HIV-positive people newly identified in 2016 with established risk factors for infection, 48.8% became infected through drug use with nonsterile equipment, 48.7% through heterosexual contact, 1.5% through homosexual contact, 0.45 % - were children infected - from mothers during pregnancy, childbirth and during breastfeeding.
The number of children infected through breastfeeding is growing: 59 such children were registered in 2016, 47 in 2015, and 41 in 2014.
In 2016, 16 cases of suspected infection were registered in medical organizations due to the use of non-sterile medical instruments and 3 cases of transfusion of blood components from donors to recipients.
Another 4 new cases of HIV infection in children were likely associated with the provision of medical care in the CIS countries.
Diagram. Distribution of HIV-infected people by mode of infection.
conclusions
In the Russian Federation in 2016, the HIV epidemic situation continued to deteriorate and this unfavorable trend continues in 2017, which may even affect the resumption of the global HIV epidemic, which, according to the UN report in July 2016, has declined.
The incidence of HIV infection remains high, the total number of HIV carriers and the number of deaths of HIV-infected people is increasing, and the spread of the epidemic from vulnerable groups to the general population has intensified.
If the current rate of spread of HIV infection continues and there are no adequate systemic measures to prevent its spread, the prognosis for the development of the situation remains unfavorable.
Radical actions by the Russian Government are required to stop trafficking, the spread of drugs and, most difficult, change sexual behavior residents of the Russian Federation (scrapes are wonderful, but the number of people who practice abstinence and practice with one heterosexual sexual partner throughout their lives is only a few and it is impossible to change, so development is required medicinal methods pre-exposure prophylaxis with minimal side effects(take a pill and do what you want)).
V.V. Pokrovsky about the situation in Russia regarding the incidence of HIV/AIDS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=74&v=kUmU8m31dqw
According to the report announced at the Fifth international conference on HIV, held in March 2016 in Moscow, the following ranking of 10 countries was compiled by the number of people infected with AIDS. The incidence of AIDS in these countries is so high that it has the status of an epidemic.
AIDS– acquired immune deficiency syndrome due to HIV infection. It is the last stage of the disease of an HIV-infected person, accompanied by the development of infection, tumor manifestations, general weakness and ultimately leads to death. 
1.2 million patients out of 14 million population. Therefore, it is not surprising that the average life expectancy there is 38 years.
9th place. Russia
In 2016, the number of people infected with AIDS in Russia exceeded 1 million, according to Russian healthcare, 1.4 million according to the EECAAC-2016 report. Moreover, the number of infected people has been actively growing over the past few years. For example: every 50th resident of Yekaterinburg is HIV positive.
In Russia, more than half of the patients became infected through a needle when injecting a drug. This route of infection is not the main route of infection for any country in the world. Why are there such statistics in Russia? Many say this is due to the shift away from the use of oral methadone as an injectable drug replacement.
Many people mistakenly believe that the problem of infection of drug addicts is only their problem; it is not so scary if the “scum of society” acquire diseases that lead to death. A person who uses drugs is not a monster who can be easily identified in a crowd. He for a long time leads a completely normal life. Therefore, spouses and children of drug addicts are often infected. Cases cannot be excluded when infection occurs in clinics and beauty salons after poor disinfection of instruments.
Until society realizes real threat, until casual partners stop assessing the presence of STDs “by eye”, until the government changes its attitude towards drug addicts, we will rapidly rise in this ranking.
8th place. Kenya
6.7% of the population of this former English colony are carriers of HIV, namely 1.4 million people. Moreover, among women the infection rate is higher, since Kenya has a low social level female population. Perhaps the rather free morals of Kenyans also play a role - they approach sex easily.
7th place. Tanzania
Of the 49 million population of this African country, just over 5% (1.5 million) have AIDS. There are areas where the infection rate exceeds 10%: these are Njobe, far from tourist routes, and the capital of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam.
6th place. Uganda
The government of this country is making great efforts to combat the HIV problem. For example, if in 2011 there were 28 thousand children born with HIV, then in 2015 – 3.4 thousand. The number of new infections in adults also decreased by 50%. The 24-year-old king of Toro (one of the regions of Uganda) took control of the epidemic into his own hands and promised to stop the epidemic by 2030. There are one and a half million cases in this country.
5th place. Mozambique
More than 10% of the population (1.5 million people) are infected with HIV, and the country does not have its own resources to fight the disease. About 0.6 million children in this country are orphans due to the death of their parents from AIDS.
4th place. Zimbabwe
1.6 million infected per 13 million inhabitants. Widespread prostitution, lack of basic knowledge about contraception and general poverty led to these figures.
3rd place. India
Official figures are about 2 million patients, unofficial figures are much higher. Traditional Indian society is quite closed; many people keep silent about health problems. There is practically no educational work with young people; talking about condoms in schools is unethical. Hence, there is almost complete illiteracy in matters of contraception, which distinguishes this country from African countries, where getting condoms is not a problem. According to surveys, 60% of Indian women have never heard of AIDS.
2nd place. Nigeria
3.4 million HIV patients out of 146 million population, less than 5% of the population. The number of infected women is higher than men. Since there is no free healthcare in the country, the worst situation is in the poor.
1 place. South Africa
Country with the highest incidence of AIDS. Approximately 15% of the population is infected with the virus (6.3 million). About a quarter of high school girls already have HIV. Life expectancy is 45 years. Imagine a country where few people have grandparents. Scary? Although South Africa is recognized as the most economically developed country Africa, most of population lives below the poverty line. The government is doing a lot of work to curb the spread of AIDS; free condoms and testing are provided. However, poor people are convinced that AIDS is a white invention, just like condoms, and therefore both should be avoided.
Bordering South Africa, Swaziland is a country with a population of 1.2 million people, half of whom are HIV-positive. The average Swazilander does not live to be 37 years old.
The only regions in the world where the HIV epidemic continues to spread rapidly are Eastern Europe And central Asia, says a new UNAIDS report. Russia in these regions accounts for 80% of new HIV cases in 2015, notes international organization. Another 15% of new diseases occur collectively in Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Tajikistan and Ukraine.
In terms of the rate of spread of the epidemic, Russia has overtaken even the countries of South Africa, as follows from the latest morbidity statistics. Meanwhile Russian authorities not only do they not increase funding for the purchase of drugs for patients, but, if you believe reports from the regions, they even increase savings on this item.
By comparing published UNAIDS statistics on new HIV cases in different countries with the number of patients already existing in these countries, Gazeta.Ru was convinced that our country is leading in the rate of spread of HIV not only in its region.
The share of new HIV cases in 2015 in Russia is more than 11% of total number people living with HIV (95.5 thousand and 824 thousand, respectively, according to the Federal AIDS Center). In the vast majority of African countries, the number of new cases does not exceed 8%, in largest countries South America this share in 2015 was about 5% of the total number of patients.
For example, in terms of the rate of growth of new cases in 2015, Russia is ahead of such African countries, like Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, each of them has almost twice as many patients as in our country (1.4-1.5 million people).
More new cases than in Russia now occur annually only in Nigeria - 250 thousand infections, but the total number of carriers there is many times higher - 3.5 million people, so in proportion the incidence is lower - about 7.1%.
HIV epidemic in the world
In 2015, there were 36.7 million people living with HIV worldwide. Of these, 17 million were receiving antiretroviral therapy. The number of new infections reached 2.1 million. Last year, 1.1 million people died from AIDS worldwide.
The number of new HIV infections in Eastern Europe and Central Asia has increased by 57% since 2010. Over the same period, the Caribbean saw a 9% increase in new cases, the Middle East and North Africa- 4%, in Latin America - 2%.
A decrease was noted in Eastern and South Africa(by 4%), as well as in the Asia-Pacific region (by 3%). In Europe, North America, West and Central Africa saw a slight decrease.
In the largest countries Latin America— Venezuela, Brazil, Mexico — the share of new cases of HIV infection remained at 5% of the number of carriers. For example, in Brazil, where the number of people living with HIV is approximately the same as in Russia (830 thousand), 44 thousand people became infected in 2015.
In the United States, where there are one and a half times more HIV patients than in Russia, half as many people become infected with HIV annually - about 50 thousand people, according to the AVERT charity organization, which funds the fight against AIDS.
Russia can't cope on its own
UNAIDS experts see the main reason for the deterioration of the situation in the fact that Russia has lost international support for HIV programs and has not been able to replace it with adequate prevention at the expense of the budget.
In 2004-2013, the Global Fund remained the largest donor for HIV prevention in the region (Eastern Europe and Central Asia), but as a result of the World Bank classifying Russia as a country with high level income, international support has gone, and domestic funding for the fight against HIV has not ensured adequate coverage of antiretroviral therapy (prevents the progression of HIV to AIDS and ensures prevention of infection).
The amount of grants from the Global Fund for HIV amounted to more than $200 million, head of the Federal AIDS Center Vadim Pokrovsky told Gazeta.Ru. “A lot of preventive and treatment programs. After the government returned this money to the Global Fund, it focused mainly on financing treatment, and there was no one to finance prevention programs; they died out,” he complains.
According to the Ministry of Health, today only 37% of patients who are constantly monitored receive the necessary medications. Of the total number of patients, this is only 28%, according to data from the Federal AIDS Center. There is not enough money allocated, so in Russia there is a standard according to which medications are prescribed only in the event of a critical decrease in the immunity of an HIV-infected person. This does not correspond to the WHO recommendation to treat all patients immediately after detection of the virus.
Another reason is that Russia is the leader in the use of injecting drugs by the population - 1.5 million people in our country already take them, according to the UNAIDS report.
It is the use of drugs with unsterile instruments that remains the cause the largest number infections - 54% of patients became infected in this way.
Prevention among drug addicts and other groups increased risk Pokrovsky previously told Gazeta.Ru that almost no work is being carried out. According to UNAIDS, after the end of Global Fund grants in 2014, 30 projects serving 27 thousand people were left without support in Russia. And while the remaining projects in 2015 continued to support HIV prevention services among drug users in 16 cities, their scale was not sufficient, the report notes.
Russia also does not support the UN-recommended methadone substitution therapy, which involves drug addicts taking methadone instead of the drug they use. In this therapy programs, as a rule, methadone is used in the form of a liquid substance mixed with syrup or water and taken orally, without the use of injection needles and syringes, which reduces the risk of transmitting not only HIV, but also other dangerous infectious diseases, including hepatitis.
Secret underfunding
The release of the UNAIDS report coincided with the appearance of the first signals from Russian regions that funding for the purchase of HIV drugs may be reduced, despite recent statements by the head of the Ministry of Health, Veronika Skvortsova, about her intention to increase the proportion of patients receiving therapy.
The Republic of Karelia has been allocated 25% less funds compared to 2015 - 29.7 million instead of 37 million rubles, TASS reported on July 13, citing the regional Ministry of Health. At the same time, less funds were also allocated from the regional budget than last year - the reduction was 10%. Received less money in 2016 and Krasnoyarsk region(326 million instead of 400 million rubles in 2015), reports State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company Krasnoyarsk.
Similar messages are coming from St. Petersburg, Perm region and other regions. At the same time, the total amount of funds provided for in federal budget 2015 and 2016 for the purchase of antiretroviral drugs are approximately the same - the amount remains at about 21 billion rubles, part of the funds is allocated for purchases for federal medical institutions.
In the 2015 budget, 17.485 billion rubles were allocated directly to the regions; in 2016, the amount decreased slightly and amounted to 17.441 billion rubles. Information on whether funds were delivered to the regions in in full or somehow redistributed or frozen, federal ministries kept secret. The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Health did not respond to relevant requests from Gazeta.Ru.
According to the government report on the implementation of the anti-crisis plan, which Gazeta.Ru was able to review, the money was transferred to regional budgets in full, but the Ministry of Finance refused to confirm this information.
How the world is fighting HIV
Measures to combat HIV in general are the same all over the world: prevention includes informing the population, identifying the most vulnerable groups of citizens, distributing contraceptives and syringes, active measures are antiretroviral therapy, which maintains the standard of living of those already ill and prevents the patient from infecting others. However, each country has its own regional characteristics.
Governments in the United States primarily fund social campaigns to combat the taboo topic of AIDS. Also, with the help of social actions, Americans are encouraged to undergo regular testing, especially if the person belongs to one of the most vulnerable groups - black citizens, men who have had homosexual contacts, and others.
Another way to combat the spread of HIV and AIDS is sex education. In 2013, 85% of people talked about the immunodeficiency virus American schools. In 1997, these programs were taught in 92% of American schools, but due to resistance from citizen religious groups, enrollment rates have declined.
From 1996 to 2009, more than $1.5 billion was spent promoting abstinence as the only way to combat HIV in the United States. But since 2009, funding for “orthodox” methods began to decline, and more funds began to be allocated to providing comprehensive information.
However, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation, so far only 15 states require talking about contraception when talking to schoolchildren about HIV prevention, despite the fact that, according to statistics, 47% of high school students have sexual experience. Information about HIV remains optional in 15 states, as does sex education; in two more, only sex education is included in the program.
In China, according to 2013 data, 780 thousand people live with the immunodeficiency virus, more than a quarter of whom receive antiretroviral therapy. The most vulnerable groups of the population are gays and bisexuals, young Chinese under 24 years of age, drug addicts who inject themselves, and a high proportion of infections from mother to child. In China, infection most often occurs through unprotected sex, so preventing sexual transmission of the virus accounts for the bulk of efforts. Measures include treatment for couples in which one of the partners is infected with HIV, distributing free condoms, popularizing testing for the virus, and informing children and adults about the disease.
A separate category of efforts is the fight against the illegal market donated blood, which flourished after the ban on imported blood products in the 1980s. Enterprising Chinese, according to Avert, were looking for plasma donors in rural areas, without any concern for the safety of the procedure. Only in 2010 did China begin to test all donated blood for HIV.
In India, the world's second largest country, 2.1 million people were living with HIV in 2015, one of the highest large indicators in the world. Of those sick, 36% received treatment.
Hindus identify four risk groups. These are sex workers, illegal immigrants, men who have had homosexual contacts, drug addicts and the hijra caste (one of the untouchable castes, which includes transgender people, bisexuals, hermaphrodites, castrati).
As in many other countries, the fight against HIV in India is carried out through outreach to the most vulnerable segments of the population, information, distribution of condoms, syringes and needles, as well as methadone substitution therapy. The epidemic in the country is declining: in 2015, according to UNAIDS, less people than in Russia - 86 thousand people.
In Latin and Central America in 2014, there were 1.6 million people living with the immunodeficiency virus, 44% of whom received the necessary treatment. Among the measures that countries in the region have taken to combat the epidemic are social campaigns explaining what HIV is and why people with the disease cannot be discriminated against. Such actions took place, in particular, in Peru, Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico. Needle and syringe programs were held in five countries—Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Paraguay and Uruguay—and substitution therapy was used in select cities in Colombia and Mexico. In some countries in the region, sick people receive cash benefits.
Australia, which has one of the lowest incidence rates in the world, achieved these results by introducing comprehensive programs prevention and due to the fact that she never stopped them. She also began the fight against HIV earlier than others, notes Pokrovsky from the AIDS Center. “For example, back in 1989, I became acquainted with the work of the organization “Collective of Prostitutes of Australia,” which was involved in HIV prevention among sex workers. This and dozens of similar projects were constantly funded by the government,” he emphasizes.
