HIV in numbers: how many are infected in the world and in Russia in particular? Is there an HIV epidemic in Russia? High-risk regions

At AIDS in Samara

No. Russian Federation 703781
1 Sverdlovsk region 57726
2 St. Petersburg 51552
3 Samara region 50843
4 Moscow region 43152
5 Moscow 41243
6 Irkutsk region 37170
7 Tyumen region with JSC 32754
8 Kemerovo region 29236
9 Chelyabinsk region 28632
10 Orenburg region 25087

The first place is taken by the Homeland of Yeltsin, then St. Petersburg, and, as can be seen from the OFFICIAL data, the Samara region in terms of the number of people infected with HIV has passed the line of 50 thousand people and is confidently in the top three. More than 18 thousand of them live in Samara and the same number in Togliatti. During the entire period of registration of HIV infection, more than 7,000 children were born, most of whom have died.
http://noaids.ru/showNews.php?id=13560

Well, in conclusion, one more piece of news.
In terms of the percentage of people infected with HIV, Russia ranks second in the world after Africa.
http://samaratoday.ru/news/94738

What we are going to do?
And in conclusion - about the connection between homosexuality and the spread of AIDS (HIV).
AIDS STARTED THIRTY YEARS AGO
http://www.rons.ru/spid.htm
The first message about her appeared on June 5, 1981. The weekly causes of deaths published by The Federal Center on Disease Control and Prevention, the United States has published a brief note on an unusual outbreak of pneumonia in five apparently healthy homosexuals1.
Since then, 65 million people have been infected with AIDS, 25 million of whom have died. One of the first shameful places in the world in terms of the speed of AIDS spread is in Russia.
Initially, AIDS in the United States was called Gay Related Immune Deficiency (GRID) in the scientific literature, and in Everyday life- Cancer of Homosexuals (Gay Cancer). Then, in the name of tolerance, the names were changed.

“A whole generation of homosexulists more than five years older than me simply does not exist, they all have died,” says playwright Kishner1, who received the Pulitzer Prize for the play "Angels in America" ​​about AIDS deaths.

By the way, pay attention to characteristic surname author - Kishner.

The history of the spread of AIDS in Russia is outrageous and instructive. Everyone knew about the danger. Academician Pokrovsky, from the first years of the epidemic, warned about its threat, interviews with him and articles on AIDS were published by all central newspapers. Initially, there were only a few carriers of the infection in Russia, the first recorded case was in a homosexual who returned from a business trip to Africa. Unlike others infectious diseases, contracting AIDS is almost always preventable. Nevertheless, the governments of Gorbachev and Yeltsin, who were building "democracy" and caring about universal values, did almost nothing to resist the spread of the infection.

Meanwhile, the measures needed to prevent the AIDS epidemic, which is spreading the fastest among drug addicts and homosexuals, is well known and easy to implement.
This is a ban on the promotion of homosexuality and licentiousness. State support for families and healthy lifestyles. Tough fight against drug addiction. Visa regime for citizens of countries from which the main flow of drugs goes to Russia - Tajikistan and Azerbaijan. Immediate deportation abroad of all migrants detained for drug addiction and criminal offenses. The death penalty for drug dealers. It is worth remembering that for the import of drugs in the most reputable of Arab countries - Saudi Arabia, decapitation, in one of the most developed countries Asia - Malaysia hanging.

Naturally, the current government of Pochinok, Kiriyenko and Kozak is doing none of this. Russian capitalist ministers are instead trying to implement sex education programs in schools where minors are taught about different types sex and teaching how to use condoms.
Thus, the current government is carrying out a deliberate genocide of the Russian and other indigenous peoples of Russia. Enough for the enemies of our country to revel in their impunity! A thief should sit in jail! The Zionist is in Israel! The Russian government is in the Kremlin! Join an organization or party that defends the interests of Russia and the Russian people, choose the one that you yourself consider the best. The main thing is to start ACTING!

Among the problem regions, Irkutsk and Samara regions are in the lead with 1.7 and 1.6% of HIV-infected, respectively. This is followed by: Sverdlovsk region (1.6%), Kemerovo region (1.5%), Orenburg region (1.2%), Leningrad region(1.2%), Chelyabinsk region (1%), St. Petersburg (1%), Tyumen region (1%; including autonomous districts).

“The number of HIV-infected people in the Urals is not something out of the ordinary,” confirms Vadim Pokrovsky, director of the federal AIDS center, who was the first to report the HIV epidemic in Russia in May 2015. In his opinion, in the 1990s, large quantities of injecting drugs were brought to “relatively prosperous” cities, which led to an outbreak of HIV infection among drug addicts. Later, the infection spread to the rest of the population, the expert explains. The expert refers to such cities as Irkutsk, Samara, Togliatti (in this city, according to Pokrovsky, 3% of the population is infected), Chelyabinsk and St. Petersburg.

Regions with megacities are the most problematic, agrees the coordinator of the Patient Control movement Andrei Skvortsov. Official data for some cities, for example St. Petersburg, can be underestimated three times, the interlocutor of RBC is sure (according to official data, in the city there are 53.3 thousand HIV-infected people out of 5.2 million of the population).

Tell in which region they hide official statistics, and in which not, it is difficult, the coordinator of the street social work Andrei Rylkov Foundation for the Protection of Health and Social Justice Maxim Malyshev. “The situation is bad in all regions - somewhere more, somewhere less. However, there are historically established places where the statistics are always higher - Yekaterinburg, Kurgan, other Siberian cities, ”he points out.

At risk

Today, the narcotic method of HIV transmission is gradually disappearing, says Pokrovsky. According to the Federal AIDS Center, 48% of infections occur in heterosexual relationships. “It has to do with serial monogamy. People do not live long with one person, but constantly change partners. If at least one HIV-infected person gets into this chain, then everyone becomes infected, ”Pokrovsky believes.

The main methods of fighting the epidemic: effective programs prevention, introduction of sex education in schools and substitution therapy for drug addicts. “In France or Germany, substitution therapy is legal and there are dozens of times less infected people. In the meantime, we have a conservative approach, whose supporters raise a terrible howl and urge to go their own way, the number of infected will continue to grow. First you need to stop the epidemic and only then propagandize healthy image life ", - sums up the expert.

Prevention measures

Russia will be saved by condoms modern drugs for HIV treatment, publicly available information, free tests to determine their status and harm reduction programs for drug addicts, lists Skvortsov from Patient Control. " Long time the problem of the spread of HIV as a shameful disease was hushed up. Only this year, some campaigns for free HIV testing began. The situation needs to be corrected urgently, ”he points out.

First of all, Skvortsov believes, it is necessary to provide 100% of registered patients with HIV with antiretroviral therapy - lifelong supportive therapy for people with human immunodeficiency virus, which blocks the spread of infection. For the convenience of patients, the state should purchase combination preparations containing several active ingredients at once. This reduces the chances that an HIV-infected person will quit treatment because of a large number pills, points out Skvortsov.

Secondly, in Russia it is necessary to introduce harm reduction programs for drug addicts. “Russian officials believe that such programs are simply the distribution of methadone among drug addicts. But this is not the case. Harm reduction programs are a set of measures aimed at identifying an injecting drug user, giving him the opportunity to pass all tests, providing legal support and helping with rehabilitation, ”says the expert.

First of all, prevention must be introduced among risk groups, believes Malyshev from the Rylkov Foundation. “Now there is almost no street work - there is no distribution of syringes or condoms. In Russia, only 26 organizations are engaged in real prevention, and several of them are recognized as foreign agents and are not allowed to work at all, ”he said.

Today five foreign agents are recognized non-profit organizations specializing in the problems of HIV infection in Russia, RBC found out. These are the Perm NGO "Sibalt", the Saratov "Socium", the Penza "Panacea" and two Moscow organizations - "Esvero" and the Andrey Rylkov Foundation.

In 2016, the Russian government sent an additional RUB 2.3 billion to the Ministry of Health. for the purchase of antiviral drugs for the prevention and treatment of HIV-infected. The corresponding order was signed by Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev. According to it, the Sverdlovsk region will receive the most large sum among the regions - 260.6 million rubles. On October 25, the government, in which money has not yet been provided to combat the spread of HIV.

AIDS is a disease that destroys immune system a person, as a result of which his body becomes prone to fatal diseases such as hepatitis, tuberculosis and other viral infections... This disease occurs mainly in countries with a large percentage of drug addicted populations, where injection equipment (syringes and needles) that can be contaminated with the virus are used. Do not forget also about unprotected sex, which is one of the main ways of spreading AIDS. New types of vaccines and drugs for this disease are now being developed, but scientists still cannot find a way to stop it. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the list of countries in which the largest number of AIDS patients live.

1. South Africa

South Africa is the country with the most big amount HIV-infected patients. 5 million 600 thousand patients have a positive status here, which is a very alarming situation. These numbers mean that 12% of the total population South Africa suffers from this problem. An estimated 310,000 people die each year due to the disease. The country is trying to do everything it can to control the disease, but this requires additional information campaigns among the population.

2. Botswana

In this country, the first case of HIV infection was registered in 1985. Nonetheless, Botswana is ranked second in the world in terms of the number of people with AIDS. According to WHO estimates, about 320 thousand people are now infected. The disease strongly affects the development of a nation, and the death rate is increasing at an alarming rate. Obviously, the government needs to accept effective measures to combat the disease.

3. India

India is the third country in the world in terms of the number of HIV-infected people. According to statistics, 2.4 million people are infected here. Poverty aggravates the problem local residents, insofar as great amount people are unable to seek medical attention. The southeastern and northeastern provinces are most affected by AIDS. India really needs educational programs that would raise the level of knowledge of the population about this problem.

4. Kenya

In Kenya, 1.5 million people are infected with HIV. Population health has improved over the past few years and HIV prevalence has declined, but the government still has a lot to do to stop the disease.

5. Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe is the fifth largest country in the world in terms of the number of people living with AIDS, with an HIV prevalence rate of about 14.9%. The situation in the country has improved thanks to awareness-raising campaigns launched by the government. In addition, in 2003 the rate of the so-called "brain drain" in the country was 22.1%. 14 years later, professional health care in Zimbabwe has improved, and the picture of the spread of AIDS confirms this.

6. USA

Are you surprised? As you can see, AIDS is a disaster not only in third world countries. The United States ranks sixth in terms of the number of people living with AIDS. It is believed that immigrants brought HIV to the United States in the 1960s. The eastern and southern states were found to be more contaminated than other coastal regions. According to the latest figures, 1,148,200 American citizens are infected with HIV.

7. Democratic Republic of the Congo

About 1 million 100 thousand people in Congo suffer from AIDS. This country was the first in Africa to be exposed to fatal disease... Unprotected intercourse is reported to be the main cause of disease transmission.

8. Mozambique

A total of 11.3% of Mozambicans are infected with AIDS. The nation is facing a serious rate of HIV infection.

9. Tanzania

In total, about 1.4 million people in Tanzania are HIV positive. Statistics show that women are more likely to suffer from this disease (60%) than men. The disease kills 86,000 people every year.

10. Malawi

10% of Malawi's population is HIV positive. 68 thousand people die from AIDS here every year. Previously, the Malawi government was not very active in the fight against the disease, but over time, it began to show more interest in controlling this epidemic, and today the situation in the country is improving.

Statistics on HIV incidence and AIDS mortality differ greatly in different countries and continents. The indicators are influenced by the standard of living of the population, economic development, health and social welfare, youth policy and health promotion. It would seem that the leaders in immunodeficiency are the backward countries of the third world. However, HIV in the Russian Federation is spreading at a rate that puts Russia in third place in the world ranking in terms of the growth rate of the incidence, behind only South Africa and Nigeria.

HIV statistics in Russia are changing for the worse from year to year. Since 1987, when they first talked about the terrible diagnosis, and to the present time, the number of cases is increasing, mortality has been increasing. Percentage ratios new cases of immunodeficiency and population size bring the Russian Federation to a leading position in the lists of countries the former USSR and the whole planet. Moreover, the main increase in deplorable statistics does not occur in the 90s, neither a change of power, nor a change in the way of thinking, nor an improvement in the quality of life are affected - an increase in the rate of HIV spread is recorded every year. The mortality index (the number of deaths per 1000 people) has increased 10 times over the past ten years.

According to official data, there are about a million HIV patients in Russia, that is, approximately 0.7% of the country's inhabitants are infected with HIV. According to unofficial information from foreign agencies, the percentage in reality is exactly 2 times higher and this indicates an epidemic of immunodeficiency in the Russian Federation.

In order not to panic and take away the first place in AIDS from South Africa and Nigeria, in Russia the statistics are slightly adjusted in the right direction... For example, a person with AIDS dies, but the cause of death is a secondary disease - heart failure or malignant neoplasm, and the patient was not registered for immunodeficiency. This death is not reflected in HIV mortality. Also, the data on the total number of cases are not sufficiently accurate - there is no mandatory HIV testing procedure. Thousands of people do not go to medical institutions for years and don’t donate blood. Naturally, if they become infected, Rosstat and Rospotrebnadzor do not know about it. If a person is diagnosed with HIV, but not undergoing examination and not being registered with an infectious disease specialist, then such a case is also not taken into account - the patients actually registered are taken into account. In Russia, the majority of citizens must be forced and persuaded to go to the hospital and receive treatment. Based on the listed cases, the real numbers of AIDS morbidity in the Russian Federation are definitely much higher.

Regions and cities are leaders in the number of HIV infections

Russia is a large country in terms of territory and, accordingly, statistical data vary by region. The most unfavorable for HIV for last years steel Sverdlovsk, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Samara, Orenburg regions, Perm Territory, Khanty-Mansi autonomous region... In these regions, the highest growth rate of morbidity and the highest percentage of HIV-infected - more than 2% of residents are infected with a retrovirus, with a huge number of infected children and pregnant women (every 50th woman in labor is immunocompromised). Of the cities leading in HIV, the geography remains identical to the regional one - Kemerovo, Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk.

HIV statistics by age

HIV statistics by age in Russia have not changed for many years - most of the infected are young people from 20 to 39 years old, accounting for about 80% of registered patients. Another 10% - from 40 to 60 years old, 9% - from newborns to 19 years. The latter category of patients is more vulnerable in terms of diagnostics of immunodeficiency. The diagnosis of HIV is accurately established in children from 0 years old, infected in utero, during childbirth from a sick mother. The rest of the children, among whom the peak of injecting drug addiction is recorded at the age of 13-17, are not tested for retrovirus and remain unaccounted for.

Reasons for Russia's leadership in HIV infection

The UN named Russia the epicenter of the world epidemic of secondary immunodeficiency. Inaccurate and underestimated statistics of immunodeficiency in the Russian Federation surpasses other countries in the scale of the disaster. For example, in Germany, the increase in incidence is three times less than in Russia. And there HIV is a national problem, which is being fought and financed from the state budget. The HIV epidemic in Russia is not considered to be something global and serious, given the absence of a state program to combat AIDS. By the way, in the United States, the state program of struggle appeared in the late 1980s.

There are two main reasons for Russia's leadership in immunodeficiency infection:

• lack of disease control on state level- correction of statistics, lack of mandatory HIV testing of citizens without exception, lack of funding - propaganda and youth policy aimed at a healthy lifestyle;
• the HIV epidemic and drug addiction coincide geographically, that is, the main route of infection in Russia is through injecting drugs.

African countries, where at some time every second citizen was HIV-infected, were able to suppress the epidemic and began to fight the spread of the infection. An economically and socially developed state should all the more realize and accept the problem. Otherwise, according to the forecast of experts, in the next 5 years Russia will come out on top in the world in terms of HIV, and the death rate from AIDS in the country will increase exponentially.

Official statistics of HIV, AIDS in Russia

At the beginning of 2017 total number cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens reached 1 114 815 people(in the world - 36.7 million HIV-infected). Of them died for different reasons 243 863 HIV-infected according to the monitoring form of Rospotrebnadzor "Information on measures for the prevention of HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identification and treatment of HIV patients." In December 2016, 870,952 Russians were living with a diagnosis of HIV infection. July 1, 2017 the number of HIV-infected in Russia was 1 167 581 people, of whom died for various reasons 259 156 people ( in the 1st half of 2017 the year has already died 14 631 HIV-infected that 13.6% more than in 6 months of 2016.). Population prevalence rate RF HIV infection in 2017 year was 795,3 infected with HIV per 100 thousand of the population of Russia.

In 2016... It revealed 103 438 new cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens (excluding those identified anonymously and foreign citizens), which is 5.3% more than in 2015.Since 2005, the country has registered an increase in the number of newly detected cases of HIV infection; in 2011-2016, the annual growth averaged 10%. HIV incidence rate in 2016 made up 70.6 per 100 thousand population.

In terms of the rate of growth in the incidence of HIV infection, Russia is in third place after the Republic of South Africa and Nigeria.

For the 1st half of 2017 identified in Russia 52 766 HIV-infected citizens of the Russian Federation. HIV incidence rate in 1st half of 2017 made up 35,9 cases of HIV infection per 100 thousand population. Most of all new cases in 2017 were detected in the Kemerovo, Irkutsk, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tomsk, Tyumen regions, as well as in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Increased growth rate of new cases HIV infection in 2017(but general level the incidence of HIV infection is low) is observed in Vologda region, Tuva, Mordovia, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Moscow, Vladimir, Tambov, Yaroslavl, Sakhalin and Kirov regions.

The increase in the total (cumulative) number of registered cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens from 1987 to 2016.

HIV in regions and cities

In 2016, according to the incidence rate in Russian Federation the following regions and cities were in the lead:

1. Kemerovo region (228.8 new cases of HIV infection were registered per 100 thousand population - total 6 217 HIV-infected), incl. in the town Kemerovo 1,876 HIV-infected.
2. Irkutsk region (163.6% 000 - 3 951 HIV-infected). In 2017, in the Irkutsk region for 5 months, 1,784 new HIV-infected people were identified. In 2016 in the city Irkutsk registered 2 450 new HIV infections, in 2017 - 1 107. Almost 2% of the population of the Irkutsk region are infected with HIV.
3. Samara region (161.5% 000 - 5 189 HIV-infected, incl. in the city of Samara 1,201 HIV-infected), for 7 months of 2017 - 1,184 people. (59.8% 000).
4. Sverdlovsk region (156.9% 000 - 6 790 HIV-infected), incl. in the city of Yekaterinburg 5,874 HIV-infected (the most HIV-infected city in Russia / or are they good at revealing? ed./).
5. Chelyabinsk region (154.0% 000 - 5 394 HIV-infected),
6. Tyumen region (150.5% 000 - 224 people - 1.1% of the population), in the 1st half of 2017, 1,019 new cases of HIV infection were detected in the Tyumen region (an increase of 14.4% compared to the same period last year, then 891 HIV-infected were registered), incl. 3 teenagers. The Tyumen region is one of the regions where HIV infection is recognized as an epidemic.
7. Tomsk region (138.0% 000 - 1 489 people.),
8. Novosibirsk region(137.1% 000) areas (3 786 people.), incl. in the town Novosibirsk 3 213 HIV-infected.
9. Krasnoyarsk Territory (129.5% 000 - 3 716 people.)
10. Perm Territory (125.1% 000 - 3 294 people.)
11. Altai Territory (114.1% 000 - 2 721 people.)
12. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (124.7% 000 - 2,010 people)
13. Orenburg region (117.6% 000 - 2 340 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 650 people (32.7% 000).
14. Omsk region (110.3% 000 - 2 176 people.), for 7 months of 2017, 1184 cases were detected, the incidence rate was 59.8% 000.
15. Kurgan region (110.1% 000 - 958 people.)
16. Ulyanovsk region (97.2% 000 - 1 218 people.), in 1 sq. 2017 - 325 people (25.9% 000).
17. Tver region (74.0% 000 - 973 people.)
18. Nizhny Novgorod Region (71,1%000 — 2 309 people.) area in 1 sq. 2017 - 613 people (18.9% 000).
19. Republic of Crimea (83.0% 000 - 1 943 people),
20. Khakassia (82.7% 000 - 445 people),
21. Udmurtia (75.1% 000 - 1 139 people.),
22. Bashkortostan (68.3% 000 - 2 778 people.), in 1 sq. 2017 - 688 people (16.9% 000).
23. Moscow (62.2% 000 - 7 672 people)

Note:% 000 - the number of HIV-infected per 100 thousand population.

Leading cities in terms of the number of detected HIV-infected and the incidence of HIV infection: Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Samara.

The regions of the Russian Federation most affected by HIV infection.

Most significant growth (rate, growth rate of new HIV cases per unit of time) morbidity in 2016 was observed in Republic of Crimea, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Territory, Belgorod, Yaroslavl, Arkhangelsk Regions, Sevastopol, Chuvash, Kabardino-Balkarian Republics, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan Region, Nenets Autonomous District, Samara region and Jewish Autonomous Region.

The number of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens in 1987-2016

Affection HIV infection of the population of Russia as of December 31, 2016 amounted to 594.3 per 100 thousand people Cases of HIV infection have been registered in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In 2017, the incidence rate was 795.3 per 100 thousand people.

A high prevalence of HIV infection (more than 0.5% of the total population) was registered in the 30 largest and mostly economically successful regions, where 45.3% of the country's population lived.

Dynamics of HIV prevalence and morbidity rates in the population of the Russian Federation in 1987-2016

To the most affected constituent entities of the Russian Federation relate:

1. Sverdlovsk Region (1647.9% of 000 people living with HIV are registered per 100 thousand of the population - 71 354 people. In 2017, there are already about 86 thousand people infected with HIV), including in the city of Yekaterinburg more than 27,131 HIV-infected people were registered, i.e. every 50th resident of the city is infected with HIV Is a real epidemic. Serov (1454.2% 000 - 1556 people). HIV-infected - 1.5 percent of the population of the city of Serov.
2. Irkutsk region (1636.0% 000 - 39473 people). Total identified HIV-infected at the beginning 2017 year- 49 494 people, at the beginning of June (almost six months) 2017 year registered 51,278 people diagnosed with HIV infection. V the city of Irkutsk over the entire time, more than 31,818 people have been identified.
3. Kemerovo region (1582.5% 000 - 43000 people), including in the city of Kemerovo more than 10 125 HIV-infected patients have been registered.
4. Samara region (1476.9% 000 - 47350 people),
5. Orenburg region (1217.0% 000 - 24276 people) of the region,
6. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (1201.7% 000 - 19550 people),
7. Leningrad region (1147.3% 000 - 20410 people),
8. Tyumen region (1085.4% 000 - 19,768 people), as of July 1, 2017 - 20,787 people.
9. Chelyabinsk region (1079.6% 000 - 37794 people),
10. Novosibirsk region (1021.9% 000 - 28227 people) of the region. May 19, 2017 in the city of Novosibirsk registered more than 34 thousand. HIV-infected - every 47 resident of Novosibirsk has HIV (!).
11. Perm Territory (950.1% 000 - 25030 people),
12. G. Saint Petersburg(978.6% 000 - 51,140 people),
13. Ulyanovsk region (932.5% 000 - 11728 people),
14. Republic of Crimea (891.4% 000 - 17000 people),
15. Altai Territory (852.8% 000 - 20,268 people),
16. Krasnoyarsk Territory (836.4% 000 - 23970 people),
17. Kurgan region (744.8% 000 - 6419 people),
18. Tver region (737.5% 000 - 9622 people),
19. Tomsk region (727.4% 000 - 7832 people),
20. Ivanovo region(722.5% 000 - 7440 people),
21. Omsk region (644.0% 000 - 12,741 people), as of August 1, 2017, 16,099 cases of HIV infection were registered, the prevalence rate was 813.7% 000.
22. Murmansk region (638.2% 000 - 4864 people),
23. Moscow region (629.3% 000 - 46,056 people),
24. Kaliningrad region(608.4% 000 - 5941 people).
25. Moscow (413.0% 000 - 50909 people)

Age structure

Most high level defeat HIV infection of the population is observed in the group 30-39 years old, 2,8% Russian men at the age of 35-39 years lived with an established diagnosis of HIV infection. Women become infected with HIV at a younger age, already in the 25-29 age group, about 1% were infected with HIV, the proportion of infected women in the 30-34 age group is even higher - 1.6%.

Over the past 15 years, the age structure among newly diagnosed patients has radically changed. In 2000, 87% of patients received a diagnosis of HIV infection before the age of 30. The share of adolescents and young people aged 15-20 years in 2000 accounted for 24.7% of newly diagnosed HIV cases; as a result of the annual decrease in 2016, this group was only 1.2%.

Age and gender of HIV-infected.

HIV infection was predominantly detected in Russians aged 30-40 (46.9%) and 40-50 (19.9%), the proportion of young people aged 20-30 fell to 23.2%. An increase in the proportion of newly diagnosed cases was also observed in older age groups, cases of sexual transmission of HIV infection in old age have become more frequent.

It should be noted that for low testing coverage for adolescents and young people, more than 1100 cases of HIV infection are registered annually among people aged 15-20 years. According to preliminary data the largest number HIV-infected adolescents (15-17 years old) was registered in 2016 in Kemerovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, Samara regions, Altai, Perm, Krasnoyarsk Territories and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main cause of HIV infection among adolescents is unprotected sex with HIV-infected partner (77% of cases for girls, 61% for boys).

The structure of the deceased

In 2016, 30,550 (3.4%) HIV patients died in the Russian Federation (10.8% more than in 2015) according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on measures to prevent HIV infection, hepatitis В and С, identification and treatment of HIV patients ”. The highest annual lethality was registered in the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Republic of Mordovia, the Kemerovo Region, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Ulyanovsk Region, the Republic of Adygea, Tambov region, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Chuvash Republic, Samara region, Primorsky Territory, Tula region, Krasnodar, Perm Territories, Kurgan region.

Treatment coverage

Dispensary in specialized medical organizationsin 2016 there were 675 403 patients infected with HIV, which amounted to 77.5% of the number of 870 952 Russians living with a diagnosis of HIV infection in December 2016 according to the monitoring form of Rospotrebnadzor.

In 2016, 285,920 patients received antiretroviral therapy in Russia, including patients who were in places of deprivation of liberty. In the 1st half of 2017 received antiretroviral therapy 298 888 patients, about 100,000 new patients were added to therapy in 2017 (most likely, there will not be enough drugs for all, since the purchase was according to the figures for 2016). Treatment coverage in 2016 in the Russian Federation amounted to 32.8% of the number of registered persons diagnosed with HIV infection; among those who were on dispensary observation, 42.3% of patients were covered with antiretroviral therapy. The achieved treatment coverage does not play the role of a preventive measure and does not allow to radically reduce the rate of spread of the disease. The number of patients with active tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection is growing, the largest number of such patients is registered in the regions of the Urals and Siberia.

HIV testing coverage

In 2016, there were tested for HIV 30 752 828 blood samples of Russian citizens and 2,102,769 blood samples of foreign citizens. The total number of tested serum samples from Russian citizens increased by 8.5% compared to 2015, and decreased by 12.9% among foreign citizens.

In 2016 it was revealed maximum amount of positive results among Russians in immunoblot over the entire history of observation - 125 416 (in 2014 - 121 200 positive results). The number of positive results in the immunoblot includes those identified anonymously, not included in statistical data, and children with an undifferentiated diagnosis of HIV infection, therefore it differs significantly from the number of newly registered cases of HIV infection.

For the first time, a positive HIV test result was detected in 103 438 patients. Representatives of vulnerable groups of the population in 2016 constituted an insignificant part of those tested for HIV in Russia - 4.7%, but among these groups 23% of all new cases of HIV infection were detected. When testing even a small number of representatives of these groups, it is possible to identify many patients: in 2016, among the surveyed drug users, for the first time, 4.3% were HIV-positive, among MSM - 13.2%, among contact persons during epidemiological investigation - 6.4%, prisoners - 2.9%, STI patients - 0.7%.

Transmission path structure

In 2016, the role of the sexual route of HIV transmission increased significantly. According to preliminary data, among HIV-positive people newly diagnosed in 2016 with established risk factors for infection, 48.8% were infected when using drugs with non-sterile instruments, 48.7% - during heterosexual contacts, 1.5% - during homosexual contacts, -0, 45% were children infected from mothers during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding... The number of children infected with breastfeeding is growing: in 2016, 59 such children were registered, in 2015 - 47, in 2014 - 41 children. In 2016, 16 cases were registered with suspected infection in medical organizations when using non-sterile medical instruments and 3 cases when transfusing blood components from donors to recipients. Another 4 new cases of HIV infection in children were probably related to the provision of medical care in the CIS countries.

Distribution of HIV-infected by infection method.

conclusions

1. In the Russian Federation in 2016, the epidemic situation with regard to HIV infection continued to worsen and the trend continues in 2017, which may even affect the resumption of the global HIV epidemic, which, according to a UN report in July 2016, began to decline.
2. The high incidence of HIV infection remained high, the total number and number of deaths of HIV-infected people increased, and the epidemic's emergence from vulnerable groups of the population into the general population intensified.
3. While maintaining the current rate of spread of HIV infection and the absence of adequate systemic measures to prevent its spread, the prognosis for the development of the situation remains unfavorable.
4. It is required to intensify organizational and preventive measures to counter the HIV epidemic in the country.