Home Roses Stieglitz philanthropist. Baron A.L. Stieglitz and “the feat of enlightened charity. Time for yourself

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Stieglitz philanthropist. Baron A.L. Stieglitz and “the feat of enlightened charity. Time for yourself

Born into the family of the court banker, founder of the banking house Stieglitz and Co., Baron Ludwig von Stieglitz (1778-1843) and Amalia Angelika Christina Gottschalk (1777-1838). The founder of the dynasty was Lazarus Stieglitz, a court Jew of the prince, who died in 1798 Waldecksky from Arolsen. And he was married to a Jewish woman, Federica Louise (née Marcus). They gave their six sons a first-class education for those times. Alexander's future father, Ludwig Stieglitz, turned out to be the luckiest of the brothers. His ingenuity, resourcefulness, accurate calculation and self-control determined reliable and quick commercial success. He came to Russia at the beginning of the 19th century, and earned his first capital in 1812 during the war with Napoleon. In the same year, Ludwig Stieglitz renounced Judaism and accepted Lutheranism. Ludwig took this dramatic step quite deliberately. The legal prohibitions that applied to Jews constrained his varied activities, and he chose to apostatize. Emperor Nicholas I granted him the title of baron.

After graduating from the University of Dorpat, in 1840 A. L. Stieglitz entered the public service to the Ministry of Finance Russian Empire, to the position of member of the Manufacture Council. In 1843, after the death of his father, as The only son, inherited his entire enormous fortune, as well as the affairs of his banking house, and took the position of court banker. In 1840-1850, he successfully sold six 4 percent loans abroad for the construction of the St. Petersburg-Moscow (Nikolaev) railway. With his participation during Crimean War significant external loans.

A.L. Stieglitz was engaged in entrepreneurial activities. He founded a cloth and flax spinning factory in Narva, transformed in 1880 into the Partnership of the Narva Cloth Manufactory, and the Ekateringof Paper Spinning Mill.

In 1846, he was elected by the exchange merchants of St. Petersburg, chairman of the Exchange Committee. He was re-elected several times and held this position for 13 years. Took part in all major operations Russian government in the domestic and foreign markets. Through the banking house of Baron Stieglitz, the Russian government maintained relations with the banking houses of Amsterdam, London and Paris.

In 1855, Stieglitz, together with Baron Feleizin, began building a railway from St. Petersburg to Peterhof (Peterhofskaya Railway) and from Gatchina to Luga (Baltic Railway), which he then presented to his companion.

In 1857, A. L. Stieglitz co-founded the Main Society of Russian Railways, created for the construction and operation of railway lines that were supposed to connect the agricultural regions of Russia with St. Petersburg, Moscow, Warsaw, and the coast of the Baltic and Black Seas.

In 1848 he was appointed a member of the Commercial Council of the Ministry of Finance. In 1854, “for special zeal for the benefit of the general public,” he was promoted to state councilor, and in 1855 to full state councilor.

In 1860, Stieglitz liquidated all his private banking businesses and at will was dismissed from the post of Chairman of the Exchange Committee.

May 31 (June 12), 1860, based on the Decree of Alexander II, Commercial Bank was transformed into the State Bank and on June 10 (22), 1860, A. L. Stieglitz was appointed its manager. In 1866, he was dismissed from this position and remained at the Ministry of Finance on the credit side and as an honorary member of the Council of Trade and Manufactures. In 1862 he was granted privy councillors, and in 1881 he was promoted to actual privy councillors.

On October 24 (November 5), 1884, Stieglitz died of pneumonia and was buried, at his own request, in Ivangorod in the Church of the Holy Trinity, which he personally built over the grave of his wife, for the spiritual needs of the local factory population.

Family

Alexander Ludwigovich was married to Caroline Karlovna Miller (d. 1873), their only son Ludivig (1842-1843) died as an infant. The childless Stieglitz couple adopted illegitimate daughter Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, the girl was thrown into their house and received the name Nadezhda Mikhailovna Iyuneva (Yunena) (1843-1908). In 1861, with a dowry of a million, she married A. A. Polovtsov.

Charity

Stieglitz's charitable activities, which were a continuation of the good endeavors of his father, concerned most of all the needs of education and the interests of his subordinates. Back in 1843, immediately after the death of his father, Stieglitz was confirmed as an honorary member of the council of the St. Petersburg Commercial School and a full member of the council of the St. Petersburg Higher Commercial Boarding School.

He held the latter rank until the closure of the boarding school in 1858 and, for his concerns about this institution and repeated generous donations in its favor, in 1846 he was awarded the Highest Favor, just as for large donations to the needs of the commercial school in 1845

January 1 (13), 1853, on the day of the fiftieth anniversary celebration trading house Stieglitz and Co., the young owner of the company, generously rewarded and provided for the future of all his employees, and no one was forgotten, including the artel workers and watchmen.

During the Crimean War, he made two large donations (5,000 rubles each) for the needs of the Russian army: in 1853 - in favor of the Chesme military almshouse and in 1855 - in favor of naval officials who lost their property in Sevastopol.

In 1858, simultaneously with a donation for the construction of a monument to Emperor Nicholas I in the exchange hall, Stieglitz contributed a significant amount for the maintenance of pupils in educational institutions capital in memory of the late emperor, and in 1859, also for the needs of education, he donated capital to commemorate the coming of age of the heir to the crown prince.

After assuming the post of manager of the State Bank, Stieglitz became concerned with the needs of his colleagues. With his closest assistance, in 1862, a savings and loan bank for employees in the State Bank was established, then for 3 years he supported the cash desk with donations (leaving part of his salary in its favor), amounting to a total of 10,290 rubles. In the 1880s, the deputy meeting of the treasury gave this amount the name “capital named after Baron A. L. Stieglitz.” From its interest, benefits were annually issued to widows and orphans of members of the fund.

In addition to the listed institutions, Stieglitz different time Many others were also benefited, including the continued existence of the orphanage in Kolomna, founded by his father.

Stieglitz's most important donation, the most valuable for Russia, which alone could have immortalized his name, was the establishment at his expense in St. Petersburg of the Central School of Technical Drawing for persons of both sexes, along with a rich art and industrial museum and a well-equipped library. This school was the favorite brainchild of Stieglitz, an ardent admirer of art in general. Having donated 1,000,000 rubles for the initial establishment of the school, he continued to subsidize it subsequently. Before last day During his life he was his honorary trustee and after his death he bequeathed a very large sum to him, thanks to which the school could receive the broadest and most beneficial development.

The will left by Stieglitz generally represents an example of caring for the institutions he created and the persons who were in any more or less close relationship with him. Thus, by the way, 30,000 rubles were bequeathed to them in favor of the employees of the State Bank; His personal employees were not forgotten either: his favorite valet, for example, received 5,000 rubles. total amount, distributed according to Stieglitz's will between by different persons and institutions, was rumored to reach 100,000,000 rubles (not counting real estate), but in reality it was more modest - about 38 million.

It is interesting to note that, being a completely independent person, whose capital was readily accepted in all countries, Stieglitz placed his enormous fortune almost exclusively in Russian funds and, in response to the skeptical remark of one financier about the imprudence of such trust in Russian finance, he once remarked: “My father and I have made all fortune in Russia; if she turns out to be insolvent, then I am ready to lose all my fortune along with her.”

Awards of A. L. Stieglitz

Order of St. Stanislaus, 1st degree - 1857: for the construction of the Baltic Railway;
Order of St. Stanislaus III degree;
Order of St. Vladimir, IV degree and a gold snuff box decorated with diamonds with the monogram of Nicholas I - 1846: for the successfully implemented three 4 percent loans for the construction of the St. Petersburg-Moscow (Nikolaev) railway;
Order of St. Anne, 1st class;
Order of St. Anne, 1st class, decorated imperial crown- 1864: for work on organizing the affairs of the State Bank;
Order of St. Anne, II degree - 1847: for services rendered to the department of the Ministry of Finance;
Order of St. Anne, II degree, decorated with the imperial crown - 1849: for his work as chairman of the Exchange Committee in the first three years;
Order of St. Vladimir, III degree.

Memory

The mansion of Baron Stieglitz in St. Petersburg (English Embankment, house No. 68) was built in 1859-1863 according to the design of A. I. Krakau (1817-1888). Older houses were incorporated into the new building. To date, the interiors of the building have been partially preserved. The mansion of Baron Stieglitz is a historical and architectural monument of federal significance.
In December 2006, the St. Petersburg State Academy of Arts and Industry, founded with funds from the baron, returned his name.
At the New Peterhof station (architect Benois), the construction of which was sponsored by the baron, a cafe was opened named in his honor.
The New Peterhof Bridge in St. Petersburg was previously called the Stieglitz Bridge, due to the proximity of the Baltic Station, from which the Peterhof Railway, built by the baron, began.
On July 11, 2009, at the New Peterhof station of the Oktyabrskaya Railway, the grand opening of the monument to Baron Alexander Ludwigovich Stieglitz took place. The monument was created by sculptor Ya. Ya. Neumann in collaboration with S. P. Odnovalov.
On June 10, 2011, a solemn ceremony took place to return the monument to Alexander Ludwigovich Stieglitz to the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts and Industry.

Will of Baron Stieglitz. Documentary film by Mikhail Mikheev.

Alexander Ludwigovich Stieglitz (September 1 (13), 1814, St. Petersburg - October 24 (November 5), 1884, St. Petersburg) - the largest Russian financier, industrialist, manager of the State Bank of Russia (1860-1866), philanthropist.

Alexander Stieglitz came from a family of Russified Germans. His father Ludwig Stieglitz came to Russia in early XIX century and earned his first capital from trading operations during the war with Napoleon. He was a man of his word, a man of honor. His merits and diligence in trade affairs were noted by Emperor Nicholas I, who granted him the title of baron... After the death of Ludwig Stieglitz, his huge fortune - 18 million in silver - was inherited by his son Alexander Ludwigovich, who continued his father's work.

5 thousand rubles - Chesme almshouse

The young owner of the Trading House "Baron Stieglitz and Co" was well educated - he graduated from the University of Dorpat, adored Goethe and Schiller, loved theaters and painting and dreamed of devoting his life to science and art... But having become a banker, Alexander Ludvigovich directs all his efforts to development, as they would say now, national projects: at its own expense builds railways - Nikolaevskaya (Oktyabrskaya), Peterhofskaya (from St. Petersburg to Peterhof with a branch to Krasnoye Selo) and Baltic (from Gatchina to Luga). During the Crimean War, he helped the Russian government obtain foreign loans, and he himself made large donations - he gave 5,000 rubles to the Chesme military almshouse and the same amount to the benefit of naval officers who lost their property in Sevastopol.

Having become the first manager of the State Bank of Russia (the decree on the appointment of the baron was signed by Emperor Alexander II himself), he liquidates his private banking affairs and, having received huge capital, lives on rent. And he continues to serve Russia faithfully...

And another million rubles - to school

His indefatigable nature is not limited to one activity in the bank: he builds two factories in Narva - a cloth factory and a spinning factory, as well as a village for workers, a hospital, a library and Orthodox Church, runs an orphanage in Kolomna and an eye clinic on Mokhovaya... And most importantly, he established the Central School of Technical Drawing for persons of both sexes, donating a fabulous sum for that time - a million rubles - to this good cause.

“This educational institution was created for a reason, not on someone’s whim, but because there was a state need for it,” said Alexei Talashchuk, rector of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts and Industry. - Industry was developing, including light industry, the country needed people whom we today call designers so that they could make things worthy and competitive. And Stieglitz decided to allocate 1 million rubles from his own funds to create a school similar to Western European universities, and in 1876 construction work began."

Until his death, Baron Stieglitz was an honorary trustee of the school and bequeathed to him a very large sum - more than five million silver rubles. Using the interest of this capital, the educational institution paid pensions to professors, scholarships to students, paid for trips abroad, purchased equipment, works of art, and built an educational museum.

Without exaggeration, we can say that he was a patriot of Russia - all the patron’s money worked for Russian state and he kept them exclusively in Russian banks, thereby strengthening confidence in the Russian financial system. And his outstanding words still sound like a challenge to the current Russian oligarchs: “My father and I made our entire fortune in Russia; if she turns out to be insolvent, then I am ready to lose all my fortune along with her.”

On October 24 (November 5, New Style), 1884, 70-year-old Alexander Ludwigovich Stieglitz died of pneumonia. The famous philanthropist bequeathed to bury himself in Ivangorod, in the Church of the Life-Giving Holy Trinity, which he built over the grave of his beloved wife...

The Stieglitz couple did not have any children of their own, and they adopted a girl who, according to family legend, was found in the lilac bushes and named her Nadezhda. When Nadezhda turned 18, she married a nobleman, an employee of the Senate, Alexander Polovtsov, he continued the glorious deeds of Baron Stieglitz and completed the arrangement of the School of Technical Drawing, building a museum building with it.

What has been done to perpetuate the name of Baron Stieglitz

1. In Ivangorod, a monument that was in ruins has been restored architecture of the 19th century century - the Church of the Holy Trinity, which became the resting place of the baron and his family.

2. An additional edition of Andrei Ivanen’s historical essay “Ivangorod Holy Trinity Church of Baron Alexander Stieglitz” has been released.

3. Created documentary about the life and work of A. L. Stieglitz “The Testament of Baron Stieglitz.”

4. Since December 2006, just in time for the 130th anniversary of the school, the St. Petersburg State Academy of Arts and Industry again began to be called after its founder Alexander Stieglitz, leaving former name- the name of Vera Mukhina - to the Youth Hall of the Academy.

5. The name of Baron Stieglitz has been borne annually for two years now. open competition children's music schools Russia and Estonia "Narovie". And although one of the points of the charity program has not yet been fulfilled - to install a bust of the famous philanthropist in the academy, which is located in one of the museums of Veliky Novgorod, vice-president of the Central nervous system Zalina Medoeva states: “We do not lose hope that we will be able to come to an agreement with the leadership of the Ministry of Culture both the museum and the monument to the founder of the school will be returned to historical place- to the premises of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts and Industry.”

Biography

Born into the family of a court banker, founder of the banking house Stieglitz and Co., Baron Ludwig von Stieglitz and Amalia Angelika Christine Gottschalk.

After graduating from the University of Dorpat, in 1840 A.L. Stieglitz entered the civil service in the Russian Ministry of Finance, as a member of the Manufacture Council. In 1843, after the death of his father, as the only son, he inherited his entire enormous fortune, as well as the affairs of his banking house, and took the position of court banker. In 1840-1850 successfully sold six 4% loans abroad for the construction of the St. Petersburg-Moscow (Nikolaev) railway. With his participation during the Crimean War (1853-1856), significant external loans were obtained.

In 1846, he was elected by the exchange merchants of St. Petersburg, chairman of the Exchange Committee. He was re-elected several times and held this position for 13 years. He took part in all major operations of the Russian government in the domestic and foreign markets. Through the banking house of Baron Stieglitz, the Russian government maintained relations with the banking houses of Amsterdam, London and Paris.

In 1855, Stieglitz, together with Baron Feleizin, began building a railway from St. Petersburg to Peterhof and from Gatchina to Luga (Baltic Railway), which he then presented to his partner.

In 1857 A.L. Stieglitz co-founded the Main Society of Russian Railways, created for the construction and operation of railway lines that were supposed to connect the agricultural regions of Russia with St. Petersburg, Moscow, Warsaw, and the coast of the Baltic and Black Seas.

In 1860 A.L. Stieglitz liquidated all of his private banking businesses and was voluntarily dismissed from his position as chairman of the Exchange Committee.

On May 31 (June 12), 1860, on the basis of the Decree of Alexander II, the Commercial Bank was transformed into the State Bank and on June 10 (22), 1860 A.L. Stieglitz was appointed its manager. In 1866, he was dismissed from this position and remained at the Ministry of Finance on the credit side and as an honorary member of the Council of Trade and Manufactures. In 1862 he was granted privy councillors, and in 1881 he was promoted to actual privy councillors.

On October 24 (November 5), 1884, Stieglitz died of pneumonia and was buried, of his own free will, in Narva near the Church of the Holy Trinity, which he personally built over the grave of his wife, for the spiritual needs of the local factory population.

Charity

He held the latter rank until the closure of the boarding school in 1858 and, for his concerns about this institution and repeated generous donations in its favor, in 1846 he was awarded the Highest Favor, just as for a large donation to the needs of the commercial school in 1845

On January 1 (13), 1853, on the day of celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of the Stieglitz & Co. trading house, the young owner of the company generously rewarded and provided for the future of all his employees, and no one was forgotten, including the artel workers and watchmen.

During the Crimean War (1853-1856), he made two large donations (5,000 rubles each) for the needs of the Russian army: in 1853 - in favor of the Chesme military almshouse and in 1855 - in favor of naval ranks who had lost their property in the Sevastopol.

In 1858, simultaneously with a donation for the construction of a monument to Emperor Nicholas I in the exchange hall, Stieglitz contributed a significant amount for the maintenance of students in educational institutions of the capital in memory of the late emperor, and in 1859, also for the needs of education, he donated capital to commemorate the coming of age of the heir Tsarevich.

After assuming the post of manager of the State Bank, Stieglitz became concerned with the needs of his colleagues. With his closest assistance, in 1862, a savings and loan bank for employees in the State Bank was established, then for 3 years he supported the cash desk with donations (leaving part of his salary in its favor), amounting to a total of 10,290 rubles. In the 1880s, the deputy meeting of the treasury gave this amount the name “capital named after Baron A.L. Stieglitz." From its interest, benefits were annually issued to widows and orphans of members of the fund.

In addition to the listed institutions, Stieglitz benefited many others at different times, including the orphanage in Kolomna, founded by his father, that continued to exist through his donations.

Stieglitz's most important donation, the most valuable for Russia, which alone could have immortalized his name, was the establishment at his expense in St. Petersburg of a central school of technical drawing for persons of both sexes, along with a rich art and industrial museum and a well-equipped library. This school was the favorite brainchild of Stieglitz, an ardent admirer of art in general. Having donated 1,000,000 rubles for the initial establishment of the school, he continued to subsidize it subsequently. Until the last day of his life, he was his honorary trustee and after his death bequeathed to him a very large sum, thanks to which the school could receive the broadest and most beneficial development.

The will left by Stieglitz generally represents an example of caring for the institutions he created and the persons who were in any more or less close relationship with him. Thus, by the way, 30,000 rubles were bequeathed to them in favor of the employees of the State Bank; His personal employees were not forgotten either: his favorite valet, for example, received 5,000 rubles. The total amount distributed according to Stieglitz's will among various persons and institutions reached 100,000,000 rubles, not counting real estate.

Awards of A. L. Stieglitz

Order of St. Stanislaus, 1st class - 1857. For the construction of the Baltic Railway;
- Order of St. Stanislaus, III degree;
- Order of St. Vladimir, IV degree and gold snuffbox decorated with diamonds with the monogram of Nicholas I - 1846. For successfully implemented three 4 percent loans for the construction of the St. Petersburg-Moscow (Nikolaev) railway;
- Order of St. Anne, 1st degree;
- Order of St. Anne, 1st degree, decorated with the imperial crown - 1864. For his work on organizing the affairs of the State Bank;
- Order of St. Anne, II degree - 1847. For services rendered to the department of the Ministry of Finance;
- Order of St. Anne, II degree, decorated with the imperial crown - 1849. For his work as chairman of the Exchange Committee in the first three years;
- Order of St. Vladimir, III degree.

Memory

The mansion of Baron Stieglitz (English Embankment, house no. 68) was built in 1859-1863 according to the design of A. I. Krakau (1817-1888). Older houses were incorporated into the new building. To date, the interiors of the building have been partially preserved. The mansion of Baron Stieglitz is officially a historical and architectural monument of federal significance.

In December 2006, the St. Petersburg State Academy of Arts and Industry, founded with funds from the baron, was named after him

D. t. Having received an excellent classical education at home, Sh. graduated from the University of Dorpat and then traveled around Europe for some time, and upon returning to St. Petersburg, by 1840, he was appointed a member of the manufacturing council at the Ministry of Finance. When, three years later, in 1843, his father died, Sh., as the only son, inherited all of his huge fortune, as well as the affairs of his banking house, through the skillful management of which he greatly expanded his income, taking first place in the capital's financial circle and, like his father, the position of court banker. As the last Sh., in the period from 1843-1846, he successfully sold three 4% loans for the construction of the St. Petersburg-Moscow (Nikolaev) railway, for which he was awarded the Highest favor, the Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree and a gold snuff box decorated with diamonds with His monogram Imperial Majesty. In 1846, Sh. was elected chairman of St. Petersburg. Exchange Committee, in 1847 for services rendered to the department of the Ministry of Finance, awarded the Order of St. Anna 2nd degree; in 1848 he was appointed a member of the commercial council, and in 1849 he was again awarded the Order of St. Anna of the 2nd degree with the imperial crown for her work as chairman of the Exchange Committee in the first three years. In the same year, Sh. was elected to the same position for the second three-year period, and the elections were repeated in 1852, 1855 and 1858. When Sh. was chairman of the Exchange Committee, he, by the way, founded an exemplary exchange artel named after him. When, with the beginning of the Crimean War, the government needed large funds, Sh., who enjoyed great confidence in foreign money markets, facilitated the conclusion of a foreign loan and in 1854, for services provided to the fatherland, received the rank of state councilor. Around the same time, he made two large donations (5,000 rubles each) for the needs of the Russian army: in 1853 - in favor of the Chesme military almshouse and in 1855 - in favor of naval officials who lost their property in Sevastopol. Both donations were marked with the highest favor, and for the coronation of Emperor Alexander II (1855), Sh. was promoted to full state councilor. At the same time, together with Baron Feleizin, Sh. began building a railway from St. Petersburg to Peterhof and from Gatchina to Luga (Baltic Railway), which he then presented to his partner; the latter transferred it to the capitalist society for a substantial reward. For his diligence and assistance in this matter useful to the state, Sh. was awarded the Order of St. in 1857. Stanislav 1st degree. Soon after, in 1860, Sh. liquidated all his private banking affairs, resigned from the chairmanship of the Exchange Committee, encouraged by the gratitude of the capital's merchants, and devoted himself entirely to government activities. On May 31, 1860, the Commercial Bank, according to the Highest Decree, was transformed into a State Bank, and on June 10 of the same year, Sh. was appointed its first manager. He had the difficult task of coordinating the activities of several financial institutions , included in the new institution, and organize the range of activities of the latter. For his work in organizing the affairs of the State Bank, Sh. was promoted to Privy Councilor in 1862, and in 1864 he was awarded the Order of St. Anne 1st degree with the imperial crown. Two years later, in 1866, Sh., however, was dismissed from the post of manager of the State Bank and remained at the Ministry of Finance in charge of the credit part. From that time on, he lived as a rentier in his luxurious house on the Promenade des Anglais, having over 3,000,000 rubles. annual income, widely patronizing the sciences and arts and extending his generous charity to everyone with whom he came in contact. Sh.'s charitable activities, which were a continuation of the good endeavors of his father, concerned most of all the needs of education and the interests of his subordinates. Back in 1843, immediately after the death of his father, Sh. was approved as an honorary member of the council of St. Petersburg. commercial school and a full member of the council of St. Petersburg. highest commercial boarding house. He held the latter rank until the closure of the boarding school in 1858, and for his concerns about this institution and repeated generous donations to its benefit in 1846, he was awarded the highest favor, just as for a large donation to the needs of the commercial school in 1845 In 1853, January 1, on the day of celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of the Stieglitz and Co. trading house, the young owner of the company generously rewarded and provided for the future of all his employees, and no one was forgotten, including the artel workers and watchmen . In 1858, simultaneously with a donation for the construction of a monument to Emperor Nicholas I in the exchange hall, Sh. contributed a significant amount for the maintenance of students in educational institutions of the capital in memory of the late emperor, and the following 1859, also for the needs of education, donated capital in commemoration the heir to the crown prince comes of age. Soon after taking up the post of manager of the State Bank, Sh. became concerned with the needs of his colleagues. With his close assistance, the Employees' Savings and Loan Bank was established in the State Bank in 1862; for 3 years then Sh. supported the funds of the cash desk with donations (leaving, by the way, part of his salary for her benefit), amounting to a total of 10,290 rubles. In the 80s of the last century, the deputy meeting of the cash desk gave this amount the name “capital named after Baron A. L. Stieglitz.” This capital is in circulation to this day, and from its interest benefits are annually issued to the widows and orphans of the members of the cash fund. In addition to the listed institutions, Sh. at different times benefited from many others; By the way, the orphanage in Kolomna, founded by his father, continued to exist thanks to his donations. But Sh.’s most important donation, the most valuable for Russia, which alone could have immortalized his name, was the establishment at his expense in St. Petersburg of a central school of technical drawing for people of both sexes with a rich art and industrial museum attached to it and a well-equipped library. This school was the favorite brainchild of Sh., an ardent admirer of art in general; Having donated 1,000,000 rubles for the initial establishment of the school, he continued to subsidize it and subsequently, until the last day of his life, was its honorary trustee and after his death bequeathed to him a very large sum, thanks to which the school could receive the broadest and most beneficial development. The will left by Sh. generally represents an example of caring for the institutions he created and the persons who were in any closer relationship with him. Thus, by the way, 30,000 rubles were bequeathed to them in favor of the employees of the State Bank; His personal and employees were not forgotten: his favorite valet, for example, received 5,000 rubles. The total amount distributed according to Sh.'s will among various persons and institutions reached 100,000,000 rubles, not counting real estate. It is interesting to note that, being a completely independent person, whose capital was readily accepted in all countries, Sh. placed his enormous fortune almost exclusively in Russian funds and, in response to the skeptical remark of one financier about the imprudence of such trust in Russian finance, he once remarked: “My father and I have made their entire fortune in Russia; if she turns out to be insolvent, then I am ready to lose all my fortune along with her.” Sh.’s deep devotion to the interests of Russia was not just words: he proved it more than once in practice. As a landowner of the era of serfdom, he was distinguished by great humanity: the peasants on his estates and the workers in the factories prospered in the full sense of the word. In 1881, as reward for forty years of diligent service to the fatherland, Sh. was promoted to actual privy councilor. He died on October 24, 1884 in St. Petersburg from pneumonia and was buried, at his own request, in Narva near the Church of St. Trinity, which he personally built over the grave of his wife for the spiritual needs of the local factory population.

Archive of the State Bank. Formal list. Series 195, case No. 421. - "New Time" 1884, Nos. 3111 and 3116. - "Petersburg Newspaper" 1884, No. 294 and 295. - "Timma's Russian Art Sheet", 1853, No. 6. - "News of the Imperial Russian Archaeological Society", vol. X, pp. 343-344. - Encyclopedic dictionaries: Berezina, Toll and Brockhaus and Efron.

(Polovtsov)

Stieglitz, Baron Alexander Ludvigovich

D.T.S., founder of St. Petersburg. central technical drawing schools; R. 6 Sep. 1814; † 24 Sep. 1884

(Polovtsov)

Big biographical encyclopedia 2009

Add interiors -- http://tsars-palaces.livejournal.com/14554.html?thread=106458 Cultural heritage Russian Federation: Grand Duke's Palaces. Part 3.
Palace of Grand Duke Pavel Alexandrovich (English Embankment, 66-68).

Grand Duke Pavel Alexandrovich (September 21 (October 3) 1860, Tsarskoye Selo, near St. Petersburg - January 30, 1919, Petrograd) - the sixth son of Emperor Alexander II and his wife Empress Maria Alexandrovna; adjutant general, cavalry general.

On the banks of the Neva there is a magnificent palace where he lived Grand Duke Pavel Alexandrovich. The Palace of Grand Duke Pavel Alexandrovich, or Novo-Pavlovsky Palace, is located at English Embankment, building 68, in that corner of St. Petersburg called Kolomna.

The appearance of the palace shows the influence of Italian Renaissance architecture. This is expressed in the accentuation of the main facade with a two-column Corinthian portico, in the treatment of the walls with deep rustication, and in the framing of windows with sandstones. different patterns. Top part The façade is completed with a wide frieze decorated with moldings. The courtyard, which had access to Galernaya Street, was also designed in Baroque forms.

Frieze on the facade of Pavel Alexandrovich's palace.

The first owner of the mansion was Baron Alexander Ludwigovich Stieglitz, by whose order it was erected in 1859-1862 by architect A. I. Krakau, partially using the walls of two old residential buildings. But first things first. Initially, on a plot of land along the Promenade des Anglais, on the site of a mansion, there were two residential buildings. One of them was built in 1716, and was the first stone house on the Promenade des Anglais. It was built by Ivan Nemtsov, a shipwright. After him, the house was owned by his son-in-law, the famous architect S.I. Chevakinsky. The second house was owned by the merchant Mikhail Serdyukov, the builder of the canal system in Vyshy Volochyok. In 1830, the site already belonged to the Stieglitz barons, immigrants from the German principality of Waldeck.

May the readers forgive me for my free digression, but I cannot help but talk about the barons. Nikolai Stieglitz, having moved to late XVIII century to Russia, founded St. Petersburg trading house. In 1802, his brother Ludwig came to visit him; He engaged in export-import trade, soon made a significant fortune and became a court banker.

Palace of Baron A.L. Stieglitz on the Promenade des Anglais. Watercolor by Albert N. Benoit. Late XIX V.

Ludwig Stieglitz accepted Russian citizenship in 1807 and was granted the title of baron in 1826. He was one of the founders of the Black Sea Shipping Company, and the organizer of the Odessa loan. The Stieglitzes quickly grew rich, and the old mansions located on this site no longer corresponded to their status. Baron Alexander Ludwigovich Stieglitz, son of Ludwig, ordered the then fashionable architect Krokau in St. Petersburg to build a palace on this site.
Alexander Ludvigovich inherited from his father a huge fortune of 18 million rubles and the entire financial empire of the Stieglitzes, which was then involved in organizing foreign loans for Russia. The new palace had to correspond to all this. Stieglitz gave the architect complete freedom of creativity and an unlimited budget.

A huge sum by those standards was spent on construction - 3.5 million rubles. Until 1887, the palace belonged to Baron Alexander Ludwigovich Stieglitz, the son of Baron Ludwig von Stieglitz. The palace stood out from everything that had been built so far on the Promenade des Anglais. Designed in the spirit of the then fashionable Italian palazzo, the façade has not changed and has reached us in its original form. The interiors of the palace combine all the ideas mid-19th century about style, beauty and comfort.

Five years after the completion of construction, around 1859-1862, Alexander Stieglitz commissioned the famous Italian artist Luigi Premazzi to capture the interiors of the palace in watercolors. Premazzi painted seventeen watercolors, which very accurately reflected the smallest details of the interior; all of them were enclosed in a leather album, on the cover of which was the coat of arms of the Barons von Stieglitz. Now this masterpiece is in the Hermitage collection. Thanks to this, we can accurately appreciate all the luxury with which the palace was decorated inside; in addition, we can see the richest collection of paintings that Stieglitz owned.

Alexander von Stieglitz, financial baron.

Alexander Lyudvigovich built railways and produced paper, was a banker and a large-scale philanthropist - he built schools, colleges and museums. Later he left entrepreneurial activity and headed the State Bank. Soon the baron in a certain way became related to the Imperial family.

According to contemporaries, the banker was an unsociable person. He often gave and took millions of sums without saying a word. What was strange, according to some fellow financiers, was that most Stieglitz placed his capital in Russian funds. To all skeptical remarks regarding the imprudence of such an act, the banker replied: “My father and I received our fortune in Russia: if it turns out to be insolvent, then I am ready to lose all my fortune with it.”

On June 24, 1844, at the Stieglitz dacha in Petrovsky, near St. Petersburg, a richly decorated basket appeared in which lay a baby girl. There was a note in the basket indicating the girl’s date of birth, her name - Nadezhda, and that her father’s name was Mikhail.
According to the Stieglitz family legend, the girl was the illegitimate daughter of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, younger brother Nicholas the First. The girl was given the last name Juneva, in honor of that beautiful June day when she was found. Baron Stieglitz adopted her and made her his heir, since he had no children of his own, and he was the last in his family.

Grand Duke Pavel, his second wife Olga Valerianovna Paley and their children.

Baron Alexander Ludvigovich died in 1884, leaving the lucky foundling a simply grandiose fortune of 38 million rubles, real estate, financial structures... and including the palace on the Promenade des Anglais, the price of which, together with the collection of works of art in it, was then three million rubles.

With Olga Paley.

However, Nadezhda Mikhailovna Iyuneva lived in another house on Bolshaya Morskaya, together with her husband Alexander Polovtsev. This house was also given to her by Alexander Stieglitz. They decided not to move into the palace and put it up for sale. However, so expensive purchase was affordable only to a select few, and the palace stood empty for three years.

We return to the palace. A strong draft emphasizes the division of the façade into two floors. Walls ground floor rusticated. Plastering walls top floor imitates hewn stone cladding. The platbands of the first floor with straight brackets on the brackets are simple and strict in design. In the mezzanine, the platbands have the form of porticoes consisting of two columns on pedestals supporting a triangular pediment. The center of the main façade is accentuated by a portico of two columns flanking the entrance. The plane of the façade is completed with a wide frieze decorated with moldings.

The interiors of the house are of artistic value. Among them by wealth compositional concept The main white marble staircase stands out, the walls of which are decorated with Corinthian pilasters at the level of the second floor.

The former Living Room, arranged in five axes and decorated with caryatids, is not inferior to it in decoration. Nearby is the Dance Hall - the most elegant room of the palace, decorated with Corinthian fluted columns.

The entrance from the street, from the staircase, is designed in the form of an arch decorated with columns. The door from the second floor landing leads to the central room of the front suite - a room facing the Neva.

It was a reception room, next to which there was a large living room with five axes, decorated with caryatids. Three wide openings connected the “Cariatic” with the dance hall - the most spectacular and spacious room, decorated with Corinthian fluted columns.

Damask draperies, gilded molding, and carvings were widely used in decoration. The library room was decorated in oak. Fireplaces made of white and colored marble with sculptural details played a significant role in the decorative design of state rooms. In the concert hall, on padugas, in oval medallions, Krakau placed sculptural portraits of composers. One of the luminaries of Russian painting, F. A. Bruni, executed sketches of the painting panels “The Four Seasons” for interiors.
And here before your eyes are those same watercolors by Luigi Premazzi.....
1 - Dance hall.

2 - Dinner room.

3 - Concert hall.

4 - Library in the palace of A. L. Stieglitz.

5 - Living room.

6 - Office of Baroness von Stieglitz.

7 -- Dining room.

8 - White living room.

Nowadays.
9 - Main office.

10 - Blue living room.

Nowadays.
11 - Golden Hall.

And so in 1887, the palace was bought for Grand Duke Pavel Alexandrovich, and “only” for 1.6 million rubles.

The palace was purchased on the occasion of the upcoming wedding of Pavel Alexandrovich and Princess Alexandra Georgievna of Greece. The wedding reception took place on June 6, 1889. Since then, the palace has officially received the name Novo-Pavlovsky.

The young couple did not make any special changes to the interior - the same ones that were made were carried out by the architect Messmacher. The only major change was the installation of a church in the palace.

Church of the Martyr Queen Alexandra at the palace of Grand Duke Pavel Alexandrovich.

On May 17, 1889, the house church was consecrated. The church, built according to the design of the architect N.V. Sultanova, was located on the second floor of the transverse courtyard wing, and was decorated in the Old Russian style.

In 1891, after giving birth, Alexandra Georgievna dies.
By that time they already had a daughter, Maria Pavlovna, but the birth of their son Dmitry ended tragically for the mother. Only in 1902 did the Grand Duke marry for the second time, but how...

Olga Valerianovna Karnovich, married Princess Paley, Countess of Hohenfelsen.

Against the will of the Emperor, he married the divorced Olga Karnovich, after her first husband von Pistolkors... But it’s not worth talking about Paley and her descendants here. We mention her only because it was precisely because of his marriage to her that the Grand Duke could not live in his palace, but was forced to live in France.

Natalie Paley - daughter of Pavel Alexandrovich and Olga Paley

Nicholas II finally forgave his uncle only with the beginning Great War, when Pavel Alexandrovich asked to go to Russia to serve the country. Grand Duchess Alexandra Georgievna with her daughter, Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna

On February 18, 1917, the city palace, little used for many years, was sold to the Russian Society for the Procurement of Shells and Military Supplies. The church was moved to the Tsarskoye Selo mansion, where it was consecrated under the name Blagoveshchenskaya. House of A. L. Stieglitz (palace of Grand Duke Pavel Alexandrovich). Main building. South facade.

In the years Soviet power The palace has undergone major changes. In 1938-1939 the right courtyard wing was built on one floor. In 1946-1947 - one floor was erected above the Moorish hall. The palace housed first an orphanage, and then a shipbuilding design bureau - at that time 1,500 people worked in the house.

Monument to Nicholas I

Stieglitz's patronage of the arts

The interests of Alexander Lyudvigovich extended not only to the state, but also to the industrial sphere. Stieglitz owned a paper mill, as well as cloth and flax mills in Narva, which also carried out large military orders. For example, the production of cloth for ship sails and for uniforms of the Russian army.

But Stieglitz the philanthropist became no less famous than Stieglitz the industrialist, banker or statesman. Alexander Lyudvigovich generously donated funds for the needs of education, replenishing the coffers of various schools and societies of which he was a member. Moreover, it is worth noting that in this too he continued the work of his father, who at one time founded an orphanage in Kolomna. During the Crimean War, Alexander Ludvigovich donated for military purposes, in Peaceful time With his own funds, he built a railway connecting St. Petersburg and Peterhof (Peterhof Railway), as well as Gatchina and Luga (Baltic Railway). It is noteworthy that, among other things, he even took upon himself the costs of building a monument to Nicholas I.

However, his most beloved and dear charity project turned out to be the Central School of Technical Drawing, founded in 1876.

With the permission of the emperor, Stieglitz was going to name it in honor of his father, but due to a bureaucratic error, the school received the name of Alexander Ludvigovich himself. Now it is the Art and Industry Academy named after. A. L. Stieglitz.

He donated a whole million rubles for it, a sum so large at that time that Alexander II called it “a feat of enlightened charity.” In this project, it is worth thinking that the baron gave vent to his feelings and his long-standing craving for art. And Russia also needed such educational institutions - after all, artists in the then new field of industry were trained only in European cities and Moscow. With funds donated by the baron, not only the school itself was built, but also a magnificent museum. applied arts, and his collection subsequently became one of the richest collections of applied art in Europe.

Generosity is more valuable than money

Thinking about the needs of Russia as a whole, Stieglitz did not forget the needs individuals, their colleagues or humble employees. For example, he established loans for co-workers at the State Bank and donated money to the general savings and loan bank. And in Narva, he, a Lutheran, built the Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity for the workers of his factories. He also generously paid bonuses, and, mind you, during the general unrest at the factories, the workers of his factories did not go on strike along with others, but drove the agitators out.

A.L. Stieglitz, 1865.

In 1884, Alexander Lyudvigovich died. His will surprised and made many happy - without forgetting anyone, he divided between different people and organizations about 38 million rubles. Even his valet received 5,000 rubles. And he bequeathed another 9 million to the Central School of Technical Drawing - an amount sufficient for it to exist for many years only on interest from this money.

It is interesting that Stieglitz could keep his numerous capitals in many European countries, but preferred to keep them exclusively in Russia, which made many financiers perplexed. He justified it this way: “My father and I made our entire fortune in Russia; if she turns out to be insolvent, then I am ready to lose all my fortune along with her.”

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