Time obligatory prayers
The most important and famous are the five prayers that Muslims perform daily, depending on the time of day. Performing these prayers is the duty of every adult Muslim man and woman.
- Fajr (Arabic: فجر - dawn) - obligatory two-rak'at morning (pre-dawn) prayer. Coming time Fajr prayers begins at dawn and ends at sunrise.
- Zuhr (Arabic: ظهر - noon time) - obligatory four-rak'at midday (lunch) prayer. The time for the onset of the Zuhr prayer begins at noon from the moment the Sun passes through the zenith point and ends with the onset of the Asr prayer, when the shadow of an object becomes equal to the object itself.
- Asr (Arabic: عصر - early evening) - obligatory four-rak'at afternoon (pre-evening) prayer. The time for the Asr prayer begins at the moment when the shadow of an object is twice as long as it is. It ends with the onset of evening prayer (Maghreb), with sunset.
- Maghreb (Arabic: مَغْرِب - west) - obligatory three-rakaat sunset (evening) prayer. The start time for the Maghrib prayer begins at sunset and ends with the onset of the night prayer (Isha), with the end of twilight.
- Isha (Arabic عشاء - dinner) is a mandatory four-rakah night prayer. The time for performing namaz begins with the disappearance of the evening dawn after sunset and continues until dawn (some scholars believe that the time until which Isha can be performed ends at midnight).
Obligatory Prayers
Obligatory prayers are those prayers that are obligatory on Muslims, and for failure to perform which they are subject to sin.
Janaza prayer
O you who believe!
When you are called to the prayer of the day of assembly,
Hasten to the remembrance of Allah.
Leave all trading affairs, -
It will be better for you.
Oh, if you only knew!
Original text (Ar.)
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَىٰ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَذَرُوا الْبَيْعَ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
Juma prayer
Desirable prayers
Desirable prayers are those prayers, the performance of which is not the duty of a Muslim, and for not performing which there is no sin on the Muslim.
Avvabin
Desirable prayer performed between the fourth (Maghrib) and fifth (Isha) prayers. Number of rakats: from 6 to 20 as desired.
“Whoever performs 6 rak'ahs after praying al-Maghrib will receive forgiveness of his sins, even if there are as many of them as foam in the ocean.”
Vitr
Voodoo
Spirit
Ishraq
Number of rakats: from 2 to 4. Time to perform: 15-20 minutes after full sunrise.
Hadith: Whoever performs the morning prayer (fajr) with a group, and continues to sit in the same place, reads dhikr until sunrise, and then performs two rakats of the ishraq prayer, will receive the reward for both Hajj and Umrah.
The hadith from Tibran says that whoever performs the ishraq prayer, all his sins will be forgiven, and if he dies on the same day, he will end up in paradise. And in the hadiths from Tirmidhi and Abu Dawood it is said that Allah will help the one who performed the ishraq prayer to complete work throughout the day. It is best to perform the ishraq prayer as described in the first of the above hadiths, however, the ishraq prayer can also be read 15-20 minutes after sunrise, even if after morning prayer and before the ishrak prayer he was engaged not in dhikr, but in earthly affairs. However, in this case the reward will be much less.
Kusuf and Khusuf
Istika
Ratibat
Tauba
Tahajjud
Tahiyat al-masjid
Hajat
Women's prayer
Women's collective prayer
A woman's prayer is slightly different from a man's. The main difference is the covering of the awrat, which for women includes the entire body except the face and hands. Other less important (and not universally accepted) differences include:
Jamaat prayer
Qasr
Hauf
Notes
- Janaza prayer
- Friday prayer (undefined) (unavailable link). Retrieved November 14, 2011. Archived October 1, 2011.
- Holiday prayer (undefined) . Umma.ru. Retrieved May 25, 2013. Archived May 17, 2013.
- Method of performing Eid prayer (undefined) . Assalam.ru. - “The sunnah is to perform it in the mosque collectively. It is advisable to go to the mosque at long road, and return along the short one. Eid prayers can also be performed at home. They should be performed by both women and those on the road.” Retrieved May 25, 2013.
The procedure for performing namaz in the four madhhabs (theological and legal schools) of Islam has some minor differences, through which the entire palette of the prophetic heritage is interpreted, revealed and mutually enriched. Considering that in the territory Russian Federation and the CIS, the most widely spread is the madhhab of Imam Nu'man ibn Sabit Abu Hanifa, as well as the madhhab of Imam Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i, we will analyze in detail only the features of the mentioned two schools.
In ritual practice, it is advisable for a Muslim to follow any one madhhab, but in a difficult situation, as an exception, one can act according to the canons of any other Sunni madhhab.
“Perform the obligatory prayer and pay zakat [obligatory charity]. Hold on to God [ask for help only from Him and rely on Him, strengthen yourself through worshiping Him and doing good deeds to Him]. He is your Patron..." (see).
Attention! Read all articles on prayer and issues related to it in a special section on our website.
“Verily, it is prescribed for believers to perform prayer-namaz in strict certain time! (cm. ).
In addition to these verses, let us recall that the hadith, which lists the five pillars of religious practice, also mentions daily prayer five times a day.
To perform prayer the following conditions must be met:
1. The person must be a Muslim;
2. He must be an adult (children must begin to be taught to pray from the age of seven to ten);
3. He must be of sound mind. People with mental disabilities are completely exempt from religious practice;
6. Clothing and place of prayer should be;
8. Turn your face towards Mecca, where the shrine of Abrahamic Monotheism is located - the Kaaba;
9. There must be an intention to pray (in any language).
Order of performing morning prayer (Fajr)
Time performing morning prayer - from the moment of dawn until the beginning of sunrise.
Morning prayer consists of two rak'ahs of sunnah and two rak'ahs of fard.
Two rak'ahs of sunnah
At the end of the azan, both the reader and the one who heard it say “salavat” and, raising their hands to chest level, turn to the Almighty with a prayer traditionally recited after the azan:
Transliteration:
“Allaahumma, Rabba haazihi dda’wati ttaammati wa ssalyayatil-kaaima. Eeti mukhammadanil-vasilyata val-fadyilya, wab'ashu makaaman mahmuudan elyazii va'adtakh, warzuknaa shafa'atahu yavmal-kyayame. Innakya laya tuhliful-mii’aad.”
للَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّامَّةِ وَ الصَّلاَةِ الْقَائِمَةِ
آتِ مُحَمَّدًا الْوَسيِلَةَ وَ الْفَضيِلَةَ وَ ابْعَثْهُ مَقَامًا مَحْموُدًا الَّذِي وَعَدْتَهُ ،
وَ ارْزُقْنَا شَفَاعَتَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، إِنَّكَ لاَ تُخْلِفُ الْمِيعَادَ .
Translation:
“O Allah, Lord of this perfect call and beginning prayer! Give Prophet Muhammad “al-wasiyla” and dignity. Give him the high position promised. And help us to take advantage of his intercession on the Day of Judgment. Verily, You do not break your promise!”
Also, after reading the azan, announcing the onset of morning prayer, it is advisable to say the following du‘a:
Transliteration:
“Allaahumma haaze ikbaalyu nahaarikya wa idbaaru laylikya wa asvaatu du’aatik, fagfirlii.”
اَللَّهُمَّ هَذَا إِقْبَالُ نَهَارِكَ وَ إِدْباَرُ لَيْلِكَ
وَ أَصْوَاتُ دُعَاتِكَ فَاغْفِرْ لِي .
Translation:
“O Almighty! This is the coming of Your day, the end of Your night and the voices of those calling to You. I'm sorry!"
Step 2. Niyat
(intention): “I intend to perform two rak’ahs of the sunnah of morning prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”
Then men, raising their hands to ear level so that the thumbs touch the lobes, and women - to shoulder level, pronounce “takbir”: “Allahu akbar” (“Allah is great”). It is advisable for men to separate their fingers, and for women to close them. After this, men lower their hands onto their stomachs just below the navel, placing their right hand on top of their left, clasping their little finger and thumb right hand left wrist. Women lower their hands to their chests, placing their right hand on the left wrist.
The gaze of the worshiper is directed to the place where he will lower his face during prostration.
Step 3
Then Surah al-Ikhlas is read:
Transliteration:
“Kul huwa laahu ahad. Allahu ssomad. Lam yalid wa lam yulyad. Wa lam yakul-lyahu kufuvan ahad.”
قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ . اَللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ . لَمْ يَلِدْ وَ لَمْ يوُلَدْ . وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ .
Translation:
“Say: “He, Allah, is One. God is Eternal. [Only He is the one in whom everyone will need to infinity.] He did not give birth and was not born. And no one can equal Him."
Step 4
The person praying with the words “Allahu Akbar” makes a bow from the waist. At the same time, he places his hands on his knees, palms down. Bend over, straightens his back, holds his head at the level of his back, looking at the soles of his feet. Having accepted this position, the worshiper says:
Transliteration:
"Subhaana rabbiyal-'azim"(3 times).
سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظِيمِ
Translation:
"Praise be to my Great Lord."
Step 5
The worshiper returns to his previous position and, rising, says:
Transliteration:
"Sami'a laahu li men hamidekh."
سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ
Translation:
« The Almighty hears the one who praises Him».
Straightening up, he says:
Transliteration:
« Rabbanaa lakal-hamd».
رَبَّناَ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ
Translation:
« Our Lord, praise only to You».
It is possible (sunnah) to also add the following: “ Mil'as-samaavaati wa mil'al-ard, wa mil'a maa shi'te min shein ba'd».
مِلْءَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ مِلْءَ اْلأَرْضِ وَ مِلْءَ مَا شِئْتَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ بَعْدُ
Translation:
« [Our Lord, praise be to You alone] which fills the heavens and the earth and whatever You desire».
Step 6
The person praying with the words “Allahu Akbar” lowers himself to bow to the ground. Most of Islamic scholars (jumhur) said that from the point of view of the Sunnah, the most correct way to bow to the ground is to lower your knees first, then your hands, and then your face, placing it between your hands and touching your nose and forehead to the ground (rug).
In this case, the tips of the toes should not leave the ground and be directed towards the qibla. Eyes must be open. Women press their chests to their knees, and their elbows to their torso, while it is advisable for them to close their knees and feet.
After the worshiper has accepted this position, he says:
Transliteration:
« Subhaana rabbiyal-a'lyaya" (3 times).
سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الأَعْلىَ
Translation:
« Praise be to my Lord, Who is above all».
Step 7
With the words “Allahu Akbar,” the worshiper raises his head, then raises his hands and, straightening up, sits on left leg, placing your hands on your thighs so that your fingertips touch your knees. The worshiper remains in this position for some time. It should be noted that, according to the Hanafis, in all sitting positions when performing prayer, women should sit with their thighs joined and both feet pointing out to the right. But this is not fundamental.
Then again, with the words “Allahu Akbar,” the worshiper lowers himself to make a second prostration and repeats what was said during the first.
Step 8
Raising first his head, then his hands, and then his knees, the worshiper stands up, saying “Allahu Akbar,” and takes his original position.
This ends the first rakyaat and the second begins.
In the second rakyaat, “as-Sana” and “a’uzu bil-lyahi minash-shaytoni rrajim” are not read. The worshiper begins immediately with “bismil-lahi rrahmani rrahim” and does everything in the same way as in the first rakyaat, until the second bow to the ground.
Step 9
After the worshiper rises from the second prostration, he again sits on his left foot and reads “tashahhud.”
Hanafis (placing their hands loosely on their hips without closing their fingers):
Transliteration:
« At-tahiyayatu lil-lyahi vas-salavaatu wat-toyibaat,
As-salayamu ‘alaikya ayukhan-nabiyu wa rahmatul-laahi wa barakayatukh,
Ashkhadu allaya ilyayahe illya llaahu wa ashkhadu anna muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasuulyukh.”
اَلتَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ وَ الصَّلَوَاتُ وَ الطَّيِّباَتُ
اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكَ أَيـُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَ بَرَكَاتُهُ
اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْناَ وَ عَلىَ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ
أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُTranslation:
« Greetings, prayers and all good deeds belong only to the Almighty.
Peace be upon you, O Prophet, the mercy of God and His blessing.
Peace be upon us and the pious servants of the Almighty.
I testify that there is no god but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.”
While pronouncing the words “la ilahe” forefinger It is advisable to raise the right hand up, and lower it when saying “illaahu”.
Shafi'ites (having left hand freely, without separating the fingers, but clenching the right hand into a fist and releasing the thumb and forefinger; wherein thumb in a bent position adjacent to the hand):
Transliteration:
« At-tahiyayatul-mubaarakayatus-salavaatu ttoyibaatu lil-layah,
As-salayamu ‘alaikya ayukhan-nabiyu wa rahmatul-laahi wa barakayatuh,
As-salayamu ‘alyainaa wa ‘alaya ‘ibaadil-lyahi ssaalihiin,
Ashhadu allaya ilyayahe illya llaahu wa ashhadu anna muhammadan rasuulul-laah.”
اَلتَّحِيَّاتُ الْمُبَارَكَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ الطَّـيِّـبَاتُ لِلَّهِ ،
اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكَ أَيـُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَ بَرَكَاتـُهُ ،
اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْـنَا وَ عَلىَ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ ،
أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ .While pronouncing the words “illa-laahu,” the index finger of the right hand is raised up without additional movements (while the gaze of the praying person can be turned to this finger) and lowered.
Step 10
After reading “tashahhud”, the worshiper, without changing his position, says “salavat”:
Transliteration:
« Allahumma sally ‘alaya sayidinaa muhammadin wa ‘alaaya eeli sayidinaa muhammad,
Kyama sallayte ‘alaya sayidinaa ibraakhim va ‘alaya eeli sayidinaa ibraakhim,
Wa baarik ‘alaya sayidinaa Muhammadin wa ‘alaya eeli sayidinaa Muhammad,
Kamaa baarakte ‘alaya sayidinaa ibraakhima va ‘alaiya eeli sayidinaa ibraakhima fil-‘aalamiin, innekya hamiidun majiid» .
اَللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ
كَماَ صَلَّيْتَ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ
وَ باَرِكْ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ
كَماَ باَرَكْتَ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي الْعاَلَمِينَ
إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌTranslation:
« O Allah! Bless Muhammad and his family, as You blessed Ibrahim (Abraham) and his family.
And send down blessings on Muhammad and his family, just as You sent down blessings on Ibrahim (Abraham) and his family in all the worlds.
Verily, You are the Praised One, the Glorified One.”
Step 11
After reading the salavat, it is advisable to turn to the Lord with a prayer (du'a). Theologians of the Hanafi madhhab claim that only the form of prayer that is mentioned in Holy Quran or in the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of God be upon him). Another part of Islamic theologians allows the use of any form of du'a. At the same time, the opinion of scholars is unanimous that the text of the du‘a used in prayer should only be on Arabic. This prayer-du'a is read without raising the hands.
Let us list the possible forms of supplication (du'a):
Transliteration:
« Rabbanaa eetina fid-dunyaya hasanatan wa fil-aakhyrati hasanatan wa kynaa ‘azaaban-naar».
رَبَّناَ آتِناَ فِي الدُّنـْياَ حَسَنَةً وَ فِي الأَخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَ قِناَ عَذَابَ النَّارِ
Translation:
« Our Lord! Give us in this and in future life good, protect us from the torment of Hell».
Transliteration:
« Allahumma innii zolyamtu nafsia zulmen kyasiira, va innahu laya yagfiru zzunuube illya ent. Fagfirlii magfiraten min ‘indik, warhamnia, innakya entel-gafuurur-rahiim».
اَللَّهُمَّ إِنيِّ ظَلَمْتُ نـَفْسِي ظُلْمًا كَثِيرًا
وَ إِنـَّهُ لاَ يَغـْفِرُ الذُّنوُبَ إِلاَّ أَنـْتَ
فَاغْـفِرْ لِي مَغـْفِرَةً مِنْ عِنْدِكَ
وَ ارْحَمْنِي إِنـَّكَ أَنـْتَ الْغـَفوُرُ الرَّحِيمُTranslation:
« O Almighty! Verily, I have repeatedly acted unjustly towards myself [by committing sins], and no one forgives sins except You. Forgive me with Your forgiveness! Have mercy on me! Verily, You are the Forgiving, the Merciful».
Transliteration:
« Allahumma innii a'uuzu bikya min 'azaabi jahannam, wa min 'azaabil-kabr, wa min fitnatil-makhyaya wal-mamaat, wa min sharri fitnatil-myasihid-dajaal».
اَللَّهُمَّ إِنيِّ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ جَهَنَّمَ
وَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقـَبْرِ وَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا
وَ الْمَمَاتِ وَ مِنْ شَرِّ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ .Translation:
« O Almighty! Verily, I ask You for protection from the torment of Hell, the torment of the afterlife, from the temptations of life and death and from the temptation of the Antichrist».
Step 12
After this, the person praying with the words of greeting “as-salayamu ‘alaikum wa rahmatul-laah” (“peace and blessings of Allah be upon you”) turns his head first to right side, looking at the shoulder, and then, repeating the words of greeting, to the left. This ends the two rak'ahs of the sunnah prayer.
Step 13
1) “Astagfirullaa, astagfirullaa, astagfirullaa.”
أَسْـتَـغـْفِرُ اللَّه أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّه أَسْـتَـغـْفِرُ اللَّهَ
Translation:
« Forgive me, Lord. Forgive me, Lord. Forgive me, Lord».
2) Raising his hands to chest level, the worshiper says: “ Allahumma ente ssalyayam va minkya ssalyayam, tabaarakte yaa zal-jalyali wal-ikraam. Allahumma a‘innii ‘ala zikrika wa shukrika wa husni ‘ibaadatik».
اَللَّهُمَّ أَنـْتَ السَّلاَمُ وَ مِنْكَ السَّلاَمُ
تَـبَارَكْتَ ياَ ذَا الْجَـلاَلِ وَ الإِكْرَامِ
اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنيِّ عَلىَ ذِكْرِكَ وَ شُكْرِكَ وَ حُسْنِ عِباَدَتـِكَTranslation:
« O Allah, You are peace and security, and only from You come peace and security. Give us a blessing (that is, accept the prayer we performed). O He Who possesses greatness and generosity, O Allah, help me to remember You worthily, worthily thank You and the best way worship You».
Then he lowers his hands, running his palms over his face.
It should be noted that during the performance of two rakyaats of the sunnah of morning prayer, all prayer formulas are pronounced silently.
Two rak'ahs fard
Step 1. Iqamat
Step 2. Niyat
Then all the steps described above are performed when explaining the two rakyats of the sunnah.
The exception is that Surah al-Fatiha and the Surah recited after it are recited aloud here. If a person performs prayer alone, he can read it both aloud and silently, but it is better to read it out loud. If he is the imam in prayer, then it is obligatory to read it out loud. The words “a‘uuzu bil-lyahi minash-shaytooni rrajiim. Bismil-lyahi rrahmaani rrahiim” are pronounced silently.
Completion. At the end of the prayer, it is advisable to perform “tasbihat”.
Tasbihat (glorifying the Lord)
The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever, after prayer, says “subhaanal-laah” 33 times, “al-hamdu lil-layah” 33 times and “Allahu akbar” 33 times, which makes the number 99, equal to the number of names of the Lord, and after that he will add to one hundred, saying: “Laya ilyayahe illya llaahu wahdahu la sariikya lyah, lyahul-mulku wa lyahul-hamdu, yukhyi wa yumiitu wa huva 'alaya kulli shayin kadiir”, he will be forgiven [small] errors, even if their number is equal to the amount of sea foam."
Performing “tasbihat” belongs to the category of desirable actions (sunnah).
Tasbihat sequence
1. Read the verse “al-Kursi”:
Transliteration:
« A'uuzu bil-lyahi minash-shaytooni rrajiim. Bismil-lyahi rrahmaani rrahiim. Allahu laya ilyahya illya huwal-hayyul-kayuum, laya ta'huzuhu sinatuv-valya naum, lyahuu maa fis-samaavaati wa maa fil-ard, men zal-lyazi yashfya'u 'indahu illya bi izkh, ya'lamu maa baina aidihim va maa halfakhum wa laya yuhiituune bi sheyim-min 'ilmihi illya bi maa shaa', wasi'a kursiyuhu ssamaavaati val-ard, wa laya yauuduhu hifzukhumaa wa huval-'aliyul-'azim».
أَعوُذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّـيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ . بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ .
اَللَّهُ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ الْحَىُّ الْقَيُّومُ لاَ تَـأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَ لاَ نَوْمٌ لَهُ ماَ فِي السَّماَوَاتِ وَ ماَ فِي الأَرْضِ مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِهِ يَعْلَمُ ماَ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَ ماَ خَلْفَهُمْ وَ لاَ يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلاَّ بِماَ شَآءَ وَسِعَ كُرْسِـيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الأَرْضَ وَ لاَ يَؤُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا وَ هُوَ الْعَلِيُّ العَظِيمُ
Translation:
“I seek refuge with Allah from the accursed Satan. In the name of God, whose mercy is eternal and limitless. Allah... There is no god but Him, the eternally Living, Existing One. Neither sleep nor slumber will befall him. To Him belongs everything that is in heaven and everything that is on Earth. Who will intercede before Him, except according to His will? He knows what has been and what will be. No one is able to comprehend even a particle of His knowledge, except by His will. Heaven and Earth embrace His Throne , and He does not trouble Him with caring for them. He is the Most High, the Great!” .
Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:
« Whoever reads the verse “al-Kursi” after prayer (namaz) will be under the protection of the Lord until the next prayer» ;
« Anyone who reads the verse al-Kursi after prayer, nothing will prevent him [if he suddenly dies unexpectedly] from entering Paradise» .
2. Tasbih.
Then the worshiper, fingering the crooks of his fingers or on his rosary, says 33 times:
"Subhaanal-laah" سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ - “Praise be to Allah”;
"Al-hamdu lil-layah" الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ - “True praise belongs only to Allah”;
"Allaahu Akbar" الله أَكْبَرُ - “Allah is above all.”
After which the following du'a is pronounced:
Transliteration:
« Lya ilyayakhe illa llaahu wahdahu laya shariikya lyah, lyahul-mulku wa lyahul-hamd, yukhyi va yumiitu wa huva ‘alaya kulli shayin kadiir, va ilyaykhil-masyir».
لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ
لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَ لَهُ الْحَمْدُ يُحِْي وَ يُمِيتُ
وَ هُوَ عَلىَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ وَ إِلَيْهِ الْمَصِيـرُTranslation:
« There is no god but One God. He has no partner. All power and praise belong to Him. He gives life and kills. His powers and possibilities are limitless, and to Him return».
Also, after morning and evening prayers, it is advisable to say the following seven times:
Transliteration:
« Allahumma ajirni minan-naar».
اَللَّهُمَّ أَجِرْنِي مِنَ النَّارِ
Translation:
« O Allah, remove me from Hell».
After this, the person praying turns to the Almighty in any language, asking Him for all the best in this and the future worlds for himself, loved ones and all believers.
When to do tasbihat
In accordance with the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings of the Almighty be upon him), tasbih (tasbihat) can be performed both immediately after the fard, and after the sunnah rakyats performed after the fard rakyats. There is no direct, reliable and unambiguous narrative on this matter, but reliable hadiths describing the actions of the Prophet lead to the following conclusion: “If a person performs sunnah rakyaats in the mosque, then he performs “tasbihat” after them; if it is at home, then “tasbihat” is pronounced after fard rakyaats.”
Shafi'i theologians placed greater emphasis on pronouncing "tasbihat" immediately after fard rak'yats (this is how they observed the division between fard and sunnah rak'ahs, mentioned in the hadith from Mu'awiya), and the scholars of the Hanafi madhhab - after fard ones, if after them the worshiper does not gather immediately perform Sunnah rakyaats, and - after Sunnah rakyaats, if he performs them immediately after fard ones (in the desired order, moving to another place in the prayer hall and, thereby, observing the separation between fard and sunnah rakyaats mentioned in the hadith), which completes the next obligatory prayer
At the same time, it is advisable to do as the imam of the mosque does, in which a person performs the next obligatory prayer. This will promote unity and community among the congregation, and will also be in line with the words of the Prophet Muhammad: “The Imam is present so that [others] will follow him.”
Du'a "Qunut" in morning prayer
Islamic theologians express different opinions regarding the reading of the Qunut du'a in morning prayer.
Theologians of the Shafi'i madhhab and a number of other scholars agree that reading this du'a in morning prayer is a sunnah (desirable action).
Their main argument is considered to be the hadith given in the set of hadiths of Imam al-Hakim that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) after bowing from the waist in the second rak'ah of morning prayer, raised his hands (as is usually done when reading the du'a prayer ), turned to God with a prayer: “Allaahumma-khdinaa fii men hadeit, wa 'aafinaa fii men 'aafeit, wa tawallanaa fii men tawallait...” Imam al-Hakim, citing this hadith, pointed to its authenticity.
Theologians of the Hanafi madhhab and scholars who share their opinion believe that there is no need to read this du‘a during morning prayer. They argue their opinion by the fact that the above hadith has an insufficient degree of reliability: in the chain of people who transmitted it, they named ‘Abdullah ibn Sa’id al-Maqbari, whose words were doubtful by many muhaddith scholars. The Hanafis also mention the words of Ibn Mas'ud that "The Prophet recited the du'a Qunut in morning prayer only for one month, after which he stopped doing so."
Without going into deep canonical details, I note that minor differences in opinions on this issue are not the subject of disputes and disagreements among Islamic theologians, but indicate differences in the criteria laid down by authoritative scholars as the basis for the theological analysis of the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (may God bless him and welcomes). Scholars of the Shafi'i school in this issue paid more attention to the maximum application of the Sunnah, and Hanafi theologians paid more attention to the degree of reliability of the hadith cited and the testimony of the companions. Both approaches are valid. We, who respect the authority of great scientists, need to adhere to the opinion of the theologians of the madhhab that we follow in our daily religious practice.
The Shafiites, stipulating the desirability of reading the Qunut du'a in the fard of the morning prayer, do it in the following sequence.
After the worshiper rises from the bow in the second rak’ah, the following du’a is read before bowing to the ground:
Transliteration:
« Allahumma-khdinaa fii-man hadate, va 'aafinaa fii-man 'aafate, va tavallyanaa fii-man tavallayit, va baariq lyanaa fii-maa a'toit, va kynaa sharra maa kadait, fa innakya takdy wa laya yukdoo 'alaik, va innehu laya yazilu man waalait, wa laya ya'izzu man 'aadeit, tabaarakte rabbenee va ta'alait, fa lakal-hamdu 'alaya maa kadait, nastagfirukya va natuubu ilaik. Wa salli, Allahumma ‘alaya sayidinaa Muhammad, an-nabiyil-ummiy, wa ‘alaya elihi wa sahbihi wa sallim».
اَللَّهُمَّ اهْدِناَ فِيمَنْ هَدَيْتَ . وَ عاَفِناَ فِيمَنْ عاَفَيْتَ .
وَ تَوَلَّناَ فِيمَنْ تَوَلَّيْتَ . وَ باَرِكْ لَناَ فِيماَ أَعْطَيْتَ .
وَ قِناَ شَرَّ ماَ قَضَيْتَ . فَإِنـَّكَ تَقْضِي وَ لاَ يُقْضَى عَلَيْكَ .
وَ إِنـَّهُ لاَ يَذِلُّ مَنْ وَالَيْتَ . وَ لاَ يَعِزُّ مَنْ عاَدَيْتَ .
تَباَرَكْتَ رَبَّناَ وَ تَعاَلَيْتَ . فَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ عَلىَ ماَ قَضَيْتَ . نَسْتـَغـْفِرُكَ وَنَتـُوبُ إِلَيْكَ .
وَ صَلِّ اَللَّهُمَّ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلنَّبِيِّ الأُمِّيِّ وَ عَلىَ آلِهِ وَ صَحْبِهِ وَ سَلِّمْ .Translation:
« O Lord! Direct us to the right way among those whom You have sent. Remove us from troubles [misfortunes, illnesses] among those whom You removed from troubles [to whom you gave prosperity, healing]. Place us among those whose affairs are controlled by You, whose protection is in Your control. Give us blessings [barakat] in everything that You have given us. Protect us from the evil that is determined by You. You are the Determiner and no one can rule against You. Verily, the one whom You support will not be despised. And the one to whom You are hostile will not be strong. Great is Your goodness and goodness, You are above all that does not correspond to You. Praise and gratitude to You for everything that is determined by You. We ask You for forgiveness and repent before You. Bless, O Lord, and greet the Prophet Muhammad, his family and his companions».
When reading this prayer-du‘a, the hands are raised to chest level and palms facing the sky. After reading the du'a, the person praying, without rubbing his face with his palms, bows to the ground and completes the prayer in the usual manner.
If the morning prayer is performed as part of a jama‘at community (that is, two or more people participate in it), then the imam reads the du‘a “Qunut” out loud. Those standing behind him say “amin” during each pause of the imam until the words “fa innakya takdy”. Starting with these words, those standing behind the imam do not say “amin”, but pronounce the rest of the du’a behind him silently or say “ashhad” (“ I testify»).
The du'a "Qunut" is also read in the "Vitr" prayer and can be used during any prayer during periods of misfortunes and troubles. There is no significant disagreement regarding the last two provisions among theologians.
Can the sunnah of morning prayer
take place after fard
This kind of case occurs when a person who has gone to the mosque to perform morning prayer, upon entering it, sees that two fard rakyaats have already been fulfilled. What should he do: immediately join everyone, and perform two rak’ahs of the sunnah later, or try to have time to perform two rak’ahs of the sunnah before the imam and those praying behind him complete the fard prayer with a greeting?
Shafi'i scholars believe that a person can join those praying and perform two rak'ahs of fard with them. At the end of the fard, the latecomer performs two rak'ahs of sunnah. The prohibition on performing prayers after the fard of morning prayer and until the sun rises to the height of a spear (20–40 minutes), stipulated in the Sunnah of the Prophet, they apply to all additional prayers, except for those that have a canonical justification (the prayer of greeting the mosque, for example, or restored prayer-duty).
Hanafi theologians consider the prohibition of praying at certain periods of time, specified in the reliable Sunnah of the Prophet, to be absolute. That’s why they say that someone who is late to the mosque for morning prayer first performs two rak’ahs of the sunnah of morning prayer, and then joins those who perform fard. If he does not have time to join the worshipers before the imam pronounces the greeting to the right side, then he makes fard on his own.
Both opinions are substantiated by the reliable Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Applicable in accordance with which madhhab the person praying adheres to.
Midday prayer (Zuhr)
Time completion - from the moment the sun passes its zenith until the shadow of the object becomes longer than itself. It is necessary to take into account that the shadow that the object had when the sun was at its zenith is taken as the reference point.
The midday prayer consists of 6 rak'ahs of sunnah and 4 rak'ahs of fard. The order of their implementation is as follows: 4 rakyaats of sunnah, 4 rakyaats of farda and 2 rakyaats of sunnah.
4 rak'yats of sunnah
Step 2. Niyat(intention): “I intend to perform four rak’ahs of the sunnah of the midday prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”
The sequence of performing the first two rak'ahs of the sunnah of the Zuhr prayer is similar to the order of performing the two rak'ahs of the Fajr prayer in steps 2-9.
Then, after reading “tashahhud” (without saying “salawat”, as during the Fajr prayer), the worshiper performs the third and fourth rak’ahs, which are similar to the first and second rak’ahs. Between the third and fourth “tashahhud” is not read, since it is pronounced after every two rak’ahs.
When the worshiper rises from the second prostration of the fourth rakyaat, he sits down and reads “tashahhud”.
After reading it, without changing his position, the worshiper says “salavat.”
The further order corresponds to paragraphs. 10–13, given in the description of morning prayer.
This concludes the four rak'ahs of the sunnah.
It should be noted that during the four rakyaats of the sunnah of the midday prayer, all prayer formulas are pronounced silently.
4 rakyaat fard
Step 2. Niyat(intention): “I intend to perform four rak’ahs of the fard of midday prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”
The four rak'ahs of fard are performed in strict accordance with the order of performing the four rak'ahs of the sunnah described earlier. The only exception is that short surahs or verses after surah “al-Fatiha” in the third and fourth rak’ahs are not read.
2 rak'ahs of sunnah
Step 1. Niyat(intention): “I intend to perform two rak’ahs of the sunnah of midday prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”
After this, the worshiper performs everything in the same sequence, as was described when explaining the two rakyaats of the sunnah of morning prayer (Fajr).
Upon completion of two rak'ahs of the sunnah and thereby the entire midday prayer (Zuhr), continuing to sit, preferably in accordance with the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), perform “tasbihat”.
Afternoon prayer (‘Asr)
Time its completion begins from the moment when the shadow of an object becomes longer than itself. It is necessary to take into account that the shadow that was present when the sun was at its zenith is not taken into account. The time for this prayer ends with sunset.
The afternoon prayer consists of four rak'ahs of fard.
4 rakyaat fard
Step 1. Azan.
Step 3. Niyat(intention): “I intend to perform four rak'ahs of the fard of the afternoon prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”
The sequence of performing the four rak'ahs of the fard of the 'Asr prayer corresponds to the order of performing the four rak'ats of the fard of the midday prayer (Zuhr).
After prayer, it is advisable to perform “tasbihat”, not forgetting its importance.
Evening prayer (Maghreb)
Time begins immediately after sunset and ends with the disappearance of the evening dawn. The time period of this prayer, compared to others, is the shortest. Therefore, you should be especially attentive to the timeliness of its implementation.
Evening prayer consists of three rak'ahs of fard and two rak'ahs of sunnah.
3 rakyaat fard
Step 1. Azan.
Step 2. Iqamat.
Step 3. Niyat(intention): “I intend to perform three rak’ahs of the fard of the evening prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”
The first two rak'ahs of the fard of the evening Maghrib prayer are performed similarly to the two rak'ats of the fard of the morning prayer (Fajr) in p.p. 2–9.
Then, after reading “tashahhud” (without saying “salawat”), the worshiper rises and reads the third rak’ah in the same way as the second. However, the verse or short surah after al-Fatiha is not read in it.
When the worshiper rises from the second prostration of the third rakyaat, he sits down and reads “tashahhud” again.
Then, after reading “tashahhud,” the worshiper, without changing his position, says “salavat.”
The further procedure for performing the prayer corresponds to the order described in paragraphs. 10-13 morning prayer.
This ends the three rak'ahs of fard. It should be noted that in the first two rakyaats of this prayer, Surah al-Fatihah and the surah read after it are pronounced out loud.
2 rak'ahs of sunnah
Step 1. Niyat(intention): “I intend to perform two rak’ahs of the sunnah of evening prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”
These two rak'ahs of the sunnah are read in the same way as the other two rak'ahs of the sunnah of any daily prayer.
After prayer-namaz, it is advisable to perform “tasbihat” in the usual manner, not forgetting its importance.
Having completed the prayer, the person praying can turn to the Almighty in any language, asking Him for all the best in this and the future worlds for himself and all believers.
Night prayer (‘Isha’)
The time of its occurrence falls on the period after the disappearance of the evening dawn (at the end of the time of evening prayer) and before the beginning of dawn (before the start of morning prayer).
Night prayer consists of four fard rak'yats and two sunnah rak'yats.
4 rakyaat fard
The sequence of performance does not differ from the order of performing four fard rakyaats of daytime or afternoon prayers. The exception is the intention and reading in the first two rak'ahs of the al-Fatiha surah and a short surah out loud, as in morning or evening prayers.
2 rak'ahs of sunnah
The rakyats of the sunnah are performed in the order corresponding to the two rakyats of the sunnah in other prayers, with the exception of the intention.
At the end of the night prayer, it is advisable to perform tasbihat.
And do not forget about the saying of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of God be upon him): “Whoever, after prayer, says “subhaanal-laah” 33 times, “al-hamdu lil-layah” 33 times and “Allahu akbar” 33 times, which will make the number 99, equal to the number of names of the Lord, and after that he will add to one hundred, saying: “Laya ilyayahe illya llaahu wahdahu la sariikya lyah, lyahul-mulku wa lyahul-hamdu, yukhyi wa yumiitu wa huva 'alaya kulli shayin kadiir,” his mistakes will be forgiven and mistakes, even if their number is equal to the amount of sea foam."
According to Hanafi theologians, four rak'ahs of the Sunnah must be performed in a row in one prayer. They also believe that all four rakyats are obligatory sunnah (sunnah muakkyada). Shafi'i theologians argue that it is necessary to perform two rakyaats, since the first two are considered to be the sunnah of muakkyad, and the next two are considered to be an additional sunnah (sunna gairu muakkyad). See, for example: Az-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh. T. 2. P. 1081, 1083, 1057.
Reading the iqama before the fard rakyaats of any of the obligatory prayers is desirable (sunnah).
In the case when the prayer is performed collectively, the imam adds to what has been said that he performs the prayer with the people standing behind him, and they, in turn, must stipulate that they perform the prayer with the imam.
The time for the 'Asr prayer can also be calculated mathematically by dividing the time interval between the beginning of the midday prayer and sunset into seven parts. The first four of them will be the time of midday (Zuhr), and the last three will be the time of afternoon (‘Asr) prayers. This form The calculation is approximate.
Reading the adhan and iqama, for example, at home refers only to desirable actions. For more details, see the separate material on adhan and iqama.
Theologians of the Shafi'i madhhab stipulated the desirability (sunnah) short form“Salavata” in this place of the prayer: “Allaahumma salli ‘alaya Muhammad, ‘abdikya va rasuulik, an-nabiy al-ummiy.”
For more details, see, for example: Az-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh. In 11 vol. T. 2. P. 900.
If a man reads a prayer alone, then he can read it both out loud and silently, but it is better to read it out loud. If the person praying plays the role of imam, then it is obligatory to read the prayer out loud. At the same time, the words “Bismillahi Rrahmani Rrahim”, read before Surah al-Fatiha, are pronounced out loud among the Shafiites, and silently among the Hanafis.
Hadith from Abu Hurayrah; St. X. Imam Muslim. See, for example: An-Nawawi Ya. Riyad al-salihin. P. 484, Hadith No. 1418.
Question:
What is the position of the Shafi madhhab regarding desired prayers, performed after and before obligatory ones (rawatib). How many are there, which of them are more desirable (muakkada), and which are less desirable (geir muakkada)? Explain what types of desired (mandub) prayers are divided into.
Answer:
First, you need to understand the terminology and understand what is meant by categories such as “sunnah” and “mandub”. What you called the sunnah in your question are the desired prayers, which fuqahas call “rawatib,” i.e., the desired prayers, the performance of which is associated with the performance of obligatory prayers. In the Shafi'i madhhab, all prayers, except the obligatory ones, are called “nafl” or “tatawwu”, and their synonyms are “sunnat”, “hasan”, “muraggab fih”, “mustahab” and “mandub”. All of these are synonyms in the books of the madhhab, and they are replaced with the words “nafl” or “nafil”.
As for the optional prayers, which are performed before and after the obligatory prayers, their task is to eliminate and wash away minor inaccuracies or forgetfulness that occurs when performing the obligatory prayers.
Since the question concerns not obligatory prayers, but desirable ones, there are many opinions here. We must always be flexible in these matters and understand that having different opinions is a grace to the community. But, nevertheless, the reliable opinion in the madhhab (al-Qawl al-Mutamad) is well explained in the book “Fath al-Muin” by the student of Imam Ibn Hajar, Imam al-Mallibari, rahimahullah.
Our madhhab divides desired prayers into two groups:
1. Prayers that are desirable to be performed with the jamaat, and these are two holiday prayers, kusuf and husuf (lunar and solar eclipse), istiqa (salat for asking for rain) and taraweeh.
2. Prayers that are desirable to be performed individually, such as rawatib, witr, zuha, salaat of greeting of the mosque (tahiyat masjid), istikhara, salaah performed in Mecca (tawaf and ihram), salaat performed after ablution, awwabeen (prayer between Maghrib and isha), tasbih and tashahhud.
Rawatib prayers (also called “as-sunan ar-ratiba maa al-faraid”, i.e. sunnahs that are performed along with obligatory prayers) are desirable prayers (nafilya), which are performed before or after obligatory prayers. They, in turn, are divided into two types: rawatib muakkada and rawatib geyr muakkada.
It is well known that rawatib muakkad is 10 rakats (one of the meanings and wisdom of the fact that taraweeh consists of exactly 20 rakats is to double the number of rawatib muakkad in order to receive a greater reward in this blessed month; in fact, taraweeh is also rawatiba species).
So, 10 rawatib muakkad:
Two rak'ahs before subh;
Two rak'ahs before Zuhr;
Two rak'ahs after zuhr;
Two rak'ahs after Maghrib;
Two rak'ahs after isha.
Rawatib geyr muakkada is 12 rakats:
Two additional rak'ahs before zuhr;
Two additional rak'ahs after zuhr;
Four rak'ahs before Asr (with two salams);
Two short rak'ahs before Maghrib (in the period between adhan and iqamat)
Two short rak'ahs before isha (during the period of time between azan and iqama).
This results in 22 rak'ahs every day.
A more correct understanding of the significance of desired prayers does not lie in the terms “sunnah”, “mandub” or “nafl”, as it might seem at first glance. All prayers according to their significance can be divided into two groups:
1. Obligatory prayers;
2. Desirable (nafl, tatavvu, sunnat, hasan, muggarab fih, mustahab, mandub).
In the previous part, the merits of additional night prayers, Tahajjud, were described. Continuing the topic, as promised, we reveal the question of desirable actions regarding these sunnat prayers.
1. It is sunnah for someone who wakes up at night to wipe their face with their hands, use siwak, look up and recite verse 190 to 200 of Surah Ali Imran, as the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did so (Muslim 51/6).
2.
It is sunnah to begin night prayers with two light rak'ahs, and then as you wish. The basis for this is the hadith from Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her: “The Prophet, when he woke up at night to pray, began his prayer with a light two-rakah prayer(without lengthening) «.
(Muslim 53/6).
It was also reported from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "When any of you wakes up at night(for prayer-tahajjud) “, start your prayer with a light two-rak’ah prayer.”(Muslim 54/6)
3. It is sunnah to perform night tahajjud prayers two rak'ahs, giving salam every two rak'ahs.
4. It is also sunnah to lengthen standing by reciting verses of the Qur'an. Lengthening the standing is more preferable than lengthening the bows and prostrations.
5. Also, the sunnah is to read the Koran loudly in prayer, for example, “al-Fatiha” and other surahs, if by doing so you do not disturb others, and there is no danger of making a show, etc. Also, you need to read the Koran calmly, slowly and reflecting on the meaning of the verses.
6. It is sunnah to sleep when you feel sleepy during prayer until it passes, based on what was reported from Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “When you feel sleepy, sleep until you are no longer asleep...”(Bukhari 87/1, Muslim 75/6).
7.
The sunnah is for a man to wake up his wife when he himself wakes up for the night Tahajjud prayer. It is also sunnah for a wife to wake up her husband when she wakes up for night prayer. This also applies to everyone else: the sunnah is to wake each other up, based on the verse of the Quran: “Help one another in goodness and fear of God”(“al-Maida” verse 2).
Also, a hadith was narrated from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said: “May Allah forgive the sins of the man who got out of bed at night to pray and woke up his wife, and if she doesn't get up or can't wake up, splashed water in her face. May Allah forgive the sins of that wife who got out of bed at night to pray and woke up her husband, and if he did not get up or could not wake up, splashed water on his face" (Abu Dawud 301/1, Nasai 167/3, Ahmad 250/2). This applies to cases where there is no fear of harm. And if there is such fear, then this is not sunnah, on the contrary, it is haram.
8.
For anyone who intends to get up at night to stay awake, it is sunnah to show constancy in the time of worship (to show consistency in the duration of the service), in which he is confident that he will not abandon it. And it is undesirable after this to abandon it altogether or, without reason, to reduce the time of worship in which one has demonstrated constancy. A hadith from Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, says that the Prophet was asked: “What is a valuable deed?” The Prophet replied: “Permanent, even if small”(Bukhari 2372/5, Muslim 72/6).
Also, it was narrated from Abdullah bin Amr bin Assa, may Allah be pleased with them, that the Prophet said: “O Abdullah, do not be like that man who woke up at night(for Tahajjud), and then stopped"(Bukhari 387/1)
9. It is appropriate for a Muslim before going to bed to make the intention to wake up at night for Tahajjud prayer in order to receive a reward, even if he does not get up for any reason. The basis for this is in the hadith from Abu Darda, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet said: “One who goes to bed with the intention of waking up at night(on tahajjud), and then sleep overcame him before the morning prayer, what he intended for will be written down for him, and his sleep will be a mercy for him from Allah" (Nasai 215/3, Ibnu Majah 427/1)
10.
It is sunnah for someone who wakes up to make more dua and ask for forgiveness of sins, especially in the most valuable half of the night, closer to the time of morning prayer, based on the verse of the Koran: “They are patient, truthful, humble, make donations and ask for forgiveness before dawn.”(“al-Imran” verse 17). Also: "...before dawn they begged for forgiveness"(“az-Zariyat” verse 18).
It was narrated from Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet said :
“There is one hour in the night in which Allah will certainly give whatever a Muslim asks from the grace of this(earthly) and that(Akhirata) peace. There is such an hour in every night."(Muslim 36/6).
If a person gets sick or goes on safar, and he is unable to wake up at night for prayer, then Allah will write down his reward like the night in which he was awake, the basis for this is the hadith from Abu Musa al-Ashari, may Allah be pleased with him, that The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “When a servant of Allah falls ill or goes on a journey, a reward will be written down for him as for a full-fledged deed performed at home” (Bukhari 1092/3)
11. It is sunnah for anyone who gets up at night to get some sleep before the lunchtime prayer (kaylul). The basis for this is the hadith: “You help yourself in fasting by eating before dawn, and going to bed before lunch to get ready at night.”(Ibnu Majah 1693, Hakim 588/1)
Namaz is one of the five pillars on which Islam is based. The first thing that distinguishes a Muslim from other people, after pronouncing the testimony of monotheism, is reading a prayer. IN authentic hadith it says: “Namaz is the most important matter and support of Islam” (transmitted by Ahmad, At-Tirmidhi, etc.). In some Muslim countries A funeral prayer is not performed for a person who did not pray during his lifetime. This testifies to the reverent, responsible attitude of the Ummah - the Muslim community - towards this ritual worship. That is why, as soon as the time has come, Muslims rush to pray without delay.
Prayer time
As stated in the Qur'an, every salah has its appointed time. A Muslim must pray five times a day. The timing of prayers is described in detail in books on Islamic law with references to the words and actions of the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Knowledge about the features and conditions of prayer was transmitted to the Prophet through the angel Jibril.
The five prayers are called as follows:
- Fajr (dawn prayer);
- Zuhr (lunch prayer);
- Asr (afternoon prayer);
- Maghrib (sunset prayer);
- Isha (night prayer).
Salat is not recited at sunrise and sunset, or at zenith.
Some Muslims believe that being busy at work or school, being on the road, being sick, walking outside or mall may serve as an excuse for missing prayers. However, it is not. When it is difficult for a person to perform certain actions (for example, during illness or on the road, in old age), relief is provided for him: if it is impossible to read namaz while standing, it is allowed to pray while sitting. It’s difficult to sit - you can read lying down, but if you can’t lie down - you read with your eyes. If a person cannot make signs with his eyes, then he prays with his heart. But he doesn't leave her. On the way, you can reduce 4 rak’ah prayers to 2 rak’ah (subject to certain conditions).
If praying on time is prescribed even for those who are unable to move their eyes, what reasons could healthy Muslims have for skipping time? Only those that do not depend on him: loss of consciousness, sleep, forgetfulness (provided that the person did not oversleep on purpose and did everything possible not to miss prayer - went to bed on time, set alarms, etc.).
If a person misses a prayer, he makes up for it as soon as he regains consciousness, wakes up or remembers.
It is important to perform all prayers on time, otherwise there is a risk that they will not be accepted by the Almighty. Allah warns about a negligent attitude towards time and the provisions of the salat in the Quran, mentioning neglect of prayer along with hypocrisy:
Woe to those who pray, who are careless in their prayers, who are hypocrites ().
Every Muslim is afraid of being like the hypocrites, because worse torments are prepared for them. Therefore, believers strive to eradicate the characteristics of sinners in themselves, trying to perform prayer as it should be and protecting it.
Obligatory prayers
Obligatory prayers (fard) are those for which a person completes them receives a reward, and for leaving them a sin is recorded for him. Let us take a closer look at which prayers are obligatory in Islam.
As mentioned earlier, Muslims perform 5 prayers daily: morning (consists of two rak'ahs), midday (four rak'ahs), afternoon (four rak'ahs), evening (three rak'ahs) and night (four rak'ahs).
Besides daily prayers, Muslims must perform the following prayers:
- Friday (juma) prayer for men. It is read in the mosque with the imam, and is performed during the midday prayer. Before Friday prayer, which consists of two rakyaats, the imam delivers a khutbah - a sermon. Juma calls believers to perform salat on Friday with two adhans. The one who has performed juma no longer reads the midday prayer.
- Holiday (Eid) prayers. They are performed on the days of two great Islamic holidays - Sacrifice and Breaking the Fast, after the sun has risen. Since the time of the Prophet, all Muslims have gathered in open squares to jointly perform festive two-rak'at prayers, which were preceded by exhortations - sermons.
- Prayer at burial (janaza). It is performed for the deceased before the body is committed to the earth. There are no bows in this prayer. To fulfill the obligation, it is enough that a group of believers perform salat janazah. If there are no people who perform the funeral prayer, the sin will fall on the shoulders of the entire ummah.
The reading of the three listed prayers is carried out jointly - by the jamaat. During prayer, Muslims line up behind the imam and perform all actions behind him. The order of the people lined up is as follows: men stand first, then children. At the back of the hall, Muslim women pray. Mixing male and female ranks is strictly prohibited; this is contrary to chastity and modesty.
For a man best place When performing a collective prayer, the first row among those praying is considered, the worst row is the last. Therefore, men rush to the congregational prayer and beware of being late for it. For women, on the contrary, the last rows are preferable - where they are away from men and closer to the exit, which allows them to leave unnoticed.
Sunnat prayers
In addition to the obligatory prayers, there are desirable prayers - sunnat prayers. A reward is recorded for completing them, but there will be no sin for skipping them. Sunnat prayers that are read before or after fard prayers are called “rawatib”. Their time corresponds to the time of performing obligatory prayers. These include:
- Two rak'ahs before Fajr;
- Four rak'ahs before Dhuhr;
- Two rak'ahs after zuhr;
- Two rak'ahs after Maghrib;
- Two rak'ahs after isha
Although there is no sin for missing the salat rawatib, Muslims try not to miss them, because a warning has come in the Sunnah regarding high degree and the wisdom of performing desired prayers.
The devil - Shaitan, strives in every way to stop the believer from worshiping the Almighty, and does everything possible so that the Muslim misses the salat, or stops praying altogether. However, it is difficult for Shaitan to force a person to leave all prayers at once, so he starts small.
When a Muslim reads the obligatory and optional prayers, Satan encourages him to leave the optional ones first. If a believer succumbs to his instigations, leaving rauatib, he will not earn sin. When a Muslim's iman (faith) increases, he will certainly return to performing sunnat prayers.
A believer who does not recite rauatib is prompted by the shaitan to immediately skip fard prayers, and leaving fard prayers is kufr.
Thus, desirable prayers are a kind of protection for obligatory prayers, a defense that Satan cannot quickly penetrate. Therefore, the first Muslims were sensitive not only to fards, but also to sunnat: history tells how they worried if, for one reason or another, they had to miss the desired prayers.
Vitr
Scholars disagree about the position of Witr prayer. The majority considered this prayer desirable - sunnah, while the scholars of the Hanafi madhhab called the Witr prayer wajib.
Wajib, according to the Hanafi definition, is obligatory below fard, but above sunnah. A Muslim who performs wajib receives a reward, but one who abandons him deserves punishment.
Translated from Arabic, Vitr sounds like “odd.” This prayer consists of an odd number of rakyaats (in the most common form there are three), in the last one the dua (prayer) Qunut is recited. Witr prayer is performed after reading the Isha prayer (after Witr, prayers are no longer read until Fajr).
Nafil prayers
At his own discretion, a Muslim can perform nafil (additional) prayers during the day. Numerous examples of additional salat come in the Sunnah. Let's look at some of them:
- Tahajjud (night additional prayer). This salat is read after performing fard and sunnat Isha, before performing Witr (since Witr is the last prayer of the day). It is read in two rakyaats - up to eight in total.
- Istikhara (request for help). This salat is recited when a person begins to new job, or is faced with a choice, not knowing what to do correctly. After reading two rak'ahs of prayer, a Muslim pronounces dua-istikhara, asking for help from Allah. And, relying on the Almighty, he makes a choice. If it turns out to be good for him, Allah will predetermine a good outcome and success, but if it turns out to be evil, the Almighty will protect him and replace him with a better one.
- Dukha (daily prayer). Two rakyaats are read, and its time is after sunrise until the zenith.
- Istiqa (prayer for rain). It is performed during a drought, individually or by a group (jamaat) of Muslims, in the fields, in mosques. After performing two rak'ahs, a prayer is said for the sending of rain.
- Kusuf and Khusuf (eclipse prayers). They are read during eclipses of the sun and moon, by jamaats in mosques. In each of the two rakyaats, one additional bow is made from the waist, after which standing continues. The opinion of scholars regarding the obligatory nature of this prayer is divided (fard or sunnah).
Positions of prayer
For prayer to be valid, you need to know certain rules– how to read it, what are the conditions. Let us consider some provisions, the fulfillment of which is mandatory for accepting this type of worship.
- Muslim man and Muslim woman;
- Those who have reached puberty (children do not have to recite namaz, but in order to educate and instill a love of worship, it is advisable to teach them namaz from the age of seven);
- Those who are of sound mind (this duty is not assigned to the insane).
Conditions of prayer
For the validity of worship, the following conditions must be met before prayer:
- Cleanse the body, clothing, and place of prayer from impurities;
- Cleanse yourself from defilement by performing a small or large ablution;
- Cover the aurat - parts of the body that cannot be exposed to strangers;
- Head towards the qibla (Kaaba in Mecca);
- Read the prayer when its time has come;
- Have the intention to perform one or another salat.
Required components
The prayer itself consists of actions that must be performed in a certain order. The salad should contain the following components:
- Saying the words “Allahu Akbar” at the beginning of the reading;
- standing;
- Reading the Koran;
- Making a bow from the waist;
- Making a prostration;
- Last seat before greeting.
Execution order
- After execution necessary conditions prayer, the Muslim says takbir tahrimi (the words “Allahu Akbar”). After takbir, a person should not think about worldly things: he should realize that he is in worship before the Almighty. Thoughts about the mortal world are replaced by thinking about the verses of the Koran, the words of remembrance of Allah.
- Next, read dua al-istiftah (words pronounced at the beginning of prayer). The text of this dua comes in different variations- depending on which hadith the madhhab is based on.
- After the dua, they read istiaza (words of protection from shaitan) and basmalya (“Bismi-Llahi-r-Rahmani-r-Rahim”). Next, Surah Al-Fatihah, the first surah in the Qur'an, is recited. This surah displays the main foundations of Islam, so it is important to know the meaning of the verses being read.
- Surah al-Fatihah is followed by reading any other surah from the Koran (it is enough to read three or more verses).
This concludes standing in the first rakayah.
- After standing and reading the Koran, a bow is made, in which words of remembrance of Allah are pronounced.
- Having straightened up from the waist, you need to bow to the ground, in which you also say the words of remembrance - dhikr. It is important that your forehead and feet touch the ground, and that your elbows, on the contrary, do not touch it. The prostration must be made at seven points: the forehead with the nose, palms, knees, and the balls of the toes. After the first bow to the ground, you need to sit down, stop in this position, and bow to the ground again.
This concludes the first rak'ah.
- The second rak'ah begins with standing, basmali and reading Al-Fatiha. After the “Opening Qur’an”, any other surah is read (it is advisable that it be in the Qur’an after the one read in the first rak’ah).
- Next, the actions are repeated: a bow from the waist, straightening out of it, two prostrations with a seat between them.
- Having completed the second rak'ah in a two-rak'ah prayer, a person does not get up, but remains sitting.
- During the last sitting, the words at-Tahiyat, Salavat (salutation to the Prophet), dua are read (most theologians talk about the prayer from the Koran “Rabbana”, or another dua in Arabic).
- Worship ends with salam: first to the right, then to the left.
Three- and four-rakyaat salahs differ in that when performing them, there is no need to read Salavat and dua after the second rakyaat: after pronouncing at-Tahiyat, you need to stand for the third rakyaat. In the third and fourth rakyaat, only Surah Al-Fatiha is read. Having completed the fourth rakyaat, you need to perform the last sitting, which is described above.
After prayer, it is advisable to say tasbih (words of remembrance of Allah).
As you can see, performing prayer is not a difficult task, but it is great in significance and the promised reward. It does not take much time to read the salat, and the need to perform it keeps the Muslim in good shape, in a state of purity - spiritual and physical.
While praying, the Koran is read - medicine for the hearts. Today there are many recordings of reading surahs for prayer available, which you can listen to completely free of charge. Also, for clarity, it is possible to download a video about prayer - and everything becomes even easier.
There will be no obstacles for a true believer to carry out the deeds that the Almighty has commanded and that He loves. You just need to start, and Allah will not leave believers without help.
