An entrepreneurial idea is realized in the activities of a company, which is essentially a corporation of entrepreneurs, an association of their capital. The mission of the company and the goals of its functioning leave their mark on all employees of the company and determine their corporate psychology. The concept of corporate psychology has now become widespread as an essential element of the corporation’s ideology and includes the following elements:
· awareness of the company's mission and an attitude to support the company's mission, its philosophy;
· recognition by each employee of belonging to a single team;
· pride in the company’s successes and resilience in the face of failures;
· taking care of the company's image and reputation.
Corporate psychology allows you to create a team of like-minded people who feel common goals and objectives and “root” for the affairs of the company. Corporate psychology is formed as a result of targeted long-term activities, which include:
· labor motivation system;
· system of retention and advanced training of personnel;
· system psychological testing when applying for a job;
· lack of behavioral boundaries between top managers and performers - everyone must be aware of their value for the company;
· collective events related to memorable dates and company anniversaries;
· care for the company’s veterans;
· familiarizing each employee with the history of the company;
· transparency in encouraging (bonuses, vouchers, executive trips, promotions, career growth, etc.) employees who have made a significant or decisive contribution to solving problems facing the company;
· preference for filling vacancies in the management team is given to employees of the company;
· creation of internal public organizations that aim to study and find solutions to individual problems (for example, quality clubs, training clubs for young employees, round tables for exchange of experience, etc.);
· formation of corporate logos, traditions, etiquette, uniforms.
The basis for the formation of corporate psychology and the corporate spirit of a company is the mission and philosophy of the company (topics 4, 10), which set guidelines for the company’s activities for a long period. The mission and philosophy of the company, corporate psychology form the image of the company in the eyes of consumers of its products and society as a whole. When the image is confirmed in practical activities company, he is firmly associated with positive opinion about the company, the name of the company acquires a symbolic meaning.
Corporate psychology at the firm level should be distinguished from corporate psychology at the level of firms belonging to the same sector of the economy (the term “guild psychology” is sometimes used). It is precisely the psychological attitude of company managers in the book business towards one product, towards cultural and social significance their business, is expressed in the desire of competing firms to create industry unions to defend common interests before the state, representation in government agencies, foreign industry associations.
Psychology of an entrepreneur
An entrepreneur is the creator of his own business, therefore entrepreneurial activity leaves its mark on his personality, determines his lifestyle, shapes it life goals and psychological attitudes, worldview. Distinctive features Entrepreneur psychology is associated with the difference between entrepreneurial activity and other types of work. The work of an entrepreneur is not regulated or fixed, does not have a normative result, and there is no mandatory sequence of actions. Differences in the psychology and forms of action of an entrepreneur and a hired worker reflect differences in attitudes towards property between an entrepreneur and an employee, motivations for work and goals of activity.
The psychology of an entrepreneur is the psychology of relationships with other entrepreneurs, sellers and buyers of resources. An entrepreneur must make a favorable impression on partners, be convincing and inspire confidence. In the process of communication, he must be able to take into account the psychology of the partner or client, the motives that guide him. Sociability, honesty, logic and persuasiveness are the main properties of communication psychology that are inherent to an entrepreneur.
Entrepreneur takes an active life position, expressed in its integrity and consistency, unity of word and deed. Psychologically, he must have the ability to go beyond the situation and consider it from the point of view of the original task in order to find opportunities to overcome internal and external limitations. Developing an entrepreneurial idea and taking the initiative to implement it require calculation and courage. Decisions are made in the absence of an accurate forecast of their effectiveness and relate to search activity: the entrepreneur is always not satisfied with what is happening and therefore is always in search. Prudence, determination, focus, constant search, the ability to take risks are the psychological qualities of an entrepreneur associated with his business activity.
Entrepreneurship is a special kind economic activity, since the beginning of an entrepreneur’s activity is associated with an idea - the result of mental activity. Entrepreneurial activity is creativity, but it is economic creativity, creating a new economic reality, a new combination of factors of production.
Economic thinking is the ability to creatively connect production and trade processes with the concepts of micro- and macroeconomics, the ability to see the economic consequences of decisions made, and focus on profit.
The personality of an entrepreneur in economics is characterized by:
· determination;
· progressiveness;
· ability to forecast and foresight;
· desire for leadership;
· atypical actions;
· competence;
· ability to perceive and assimilate new things;
· savings from internal resources.
Of great importance is personal experience entrepreneur, on which the entrepreneur’s self-development is based; on the basis of experience, he forms an idea regarding his own success and failure in entrepreneurial activity (“I do this well,” “I can’t do this,” “I should learn this”). The ability to rely on one’s own and other people’s experience and learn from it is an organic component of the psychology of an entrepreneur.
Availability of special knowledge in the relevant subject area, in our case in the book business, experience in it and understanding of the book business, love of books combined with typical entrepreneurial characteristics psychological qualities– the key to personal success in the book business, success that brings creative satisfaction.
The psychological qualities required for entrepreneurship are not necessarily innate. Experience of many educational institutions shows that the training system (especially collective), business games, tests, solutions practical problems allow you to cultivate the moral and volitional qualities of an entrepreneur in the majority of students.
Entrepreneurial culture
The term “culture” has many meanings, but for the purposes of the manual it is important to distinguish between “culture” as the level of education, knowledge of traditions and a set of norms of behavior of a business entity, on the one hand, and as one of the most important tools for managing business activities, on the other. The main topic is to reveal precisely the second understanding of the term “culture,” but first it is necessary to clarify the meaning of culture in the sense of the cultural level of an entrepreneur in the book business.
Book business how cultural process requires the entrepreneur to have a certain cultural level, ensuring that he understands his cultural and educational mission. Sometimes the question is asked whether an entrepreneur who publishes books on history, mathematics or literary criticism needs knowledge of history, mathematics or literary criticism. Answer: no, they are not needed, but knowledge of the bibliography of these branches of science is needed, and scientific editors need deeper knowledge. The same applies to entrepreneurs specializing in the book trade. An entrepreneur in the book business is unthinkable without a sufficiently high general cultural level.
Are there unhealthy relationships on your company's team? Such problems need to be solved immediately, while they are in their infancy. Don't wait for the sprout to grow into a huge tree. Sign up for consultations on the topic “Corporate Psychologist”. Our competent specialists with extensive experience provided assistance in improving the microclimate already in the team of many organizations and companies. Conducting classes according to a schedule, at a time convenient for students. The cost of the course is quite reasonable.
Why do you need a psychology specialist?
It is known: the more people a company employs, the more difficult it is to manage them. The situation becomes more complicated if an unhealthy environment develops in the team. Warring factions (and sometimes entire clans) appear, feuds brew, and intrigues weave. What kind of business development is this?
In these cases, a corporate psychologist is invited. But large companies can afford to have such a specialist on their staff. His competence includes studying conflict situations among workers, setting specific tasks in the field of establishing relationships, developing ways to create a healthy microclimate in the team, the mechanisms of influence on which are well known to him.
Study, dare, create, knowing the “kitchen” from the inside
Practical skills in the work of a full-time corporate psychologist are certainly a necessary thing, but his main advantage is that he is integrated into the team, knows the character and psychological characteristics every employee is aware of all relationships. This means that it is easier for him to navigate the environment. He is more objective at the initial stage.
The status of such a specialist obliges him to have organizational, project, communicative, diagnostic, methodological, personal and professional competence. And these are just the basic concepts. In addition to specific disciplines, he must also understand business and master basic legal norms. It turns out that he simply needs to constantly improve his professionalism.
At our trainings and seminars, the purpose of which is to improve the qualifications of psychology specialists, assistance is provided in developing a theoretical basis and acquiring the necessary skills with the possibility of using them in future work.
This view from the outside is like the breath of spring
A freelance corporate psychologist also has its own invaluable advantages, the main one of which is independence from the team to which he was invited. He does not yet know the price of each employee, is not connected with anyone, and has not developed likes and dislikes for individual employees.
Such a specialist, invited from outside, is incorruptible and impartial. He will honestly do his job, tell the head of the company about the pitfalls of psychological management, give recommendations on the effective distribution of responsibilities between team members, advise making adjustments to the functions of some employees, and share ways to improve the microclimate. However, such a psychologist will not see the results of his work, will not be able to work for the long term. Therefore, the heads of companies and organizations have the right to choose for themselves whether they will hire a full-time specialist, or whether it is better to turn to the “Position” center for help.
A corporate psychologist can perform very different functions. Generally speaking, the function of a corporate psychologist is to perform two main tasks - personnel assessment and consulting.
Grade
First, a corporate psychologist evaluates professional and personal qualities applicants during selection - conflict tolerance and stress tolerance, ability to comply social rules and norms, loyalty and reliability, etc. Only a specialist with a psychological education and knowledge in the field of psychodiagnostics can interpret test results. An experienced corporate psychologist uses special methods interviews and biographical analysis, which distinguishes him from a personnel department employee without psychological education, which does this in a simplified way.
A corporate psychologist evaluates existing staff, surveys employees’ opinions on various aspects labor activity, conducts screening of team satisfaction and loyalty. He knows how to conduct mass surveys of employee opinions, correctly processes the data obtained and formulates recommendations for improving team motivation.
Consulting
consulting company managers on the situation in the team. One of the main functions of a corporate psychologist is employee satisfaction, their level of motivation, conflict situations, degree of stress, etc. He makes reasoned recommendations for improving the situation in the company - he reports what needs of employees should be taken into account in order increase the level of motivation to work. A corporate psychologist is a mediator in coordinating the needs of employees and the organization, while he is independent and does not take anyone’s position. He only advises on how to effectively and least costly motivate a team to work.
Another possible area of work for a corporate psychologist is individual counseling of employees on their individual psychological problems. Therefore, he must have skills in the field psychological counseling.
In our experience, employees most often seek advice regarding conflict situations with management and colleagues, problems in relationships with loved ones and a crisis of self-realization. It should be borne in mind that the company is not a psychological center, but assistance in solving problems of employees can increase their motivational level and loyalty to the employer.
Psychological consultations in the office should be provided on conditions of complete anonymity, otherwise no one will turn to a psychologist for help for fear that personal information will be passed on to management.
A separate area of work for a corporate psychologist is participation in group trainings on stress management, conflict resolution and effective communication.
Most often, a corporate psychologist works within the personnel department or as a separate specialist who reports directly to the head of the company. If a corporate psychologist deals with issues of personnel reliability, he can be assigned to the organization's security service.
Konstantin Blokhin,
Psychotherapist, Candidate of Psychological Sciences
You are not from our sandbox
This article will discuss one of the disgusting features modern society, which manifests itself at all its levels from top to bottom. Let's consider various aspects of this problem step by step.
1. What is a corporation and what is corporate psychology? Under the influence of what, for what purpose and on the basis of what principles can people unite into groups? To summarize the possible answers to this question, then, as shown in this article, we will get exactly 4 factors corresponding to the 4 stages of development value system humanity on the path of its advancement to the heights of civilization. For example, one option for a unifying factor could be strength. People unite in groups in order to be stronger, in order to receive protection from threats from the outside, and build relationships within the group on the principle of the supremacy of force - that is, no wimps will be respected individuals in the group, only someone who will behave decisively, uncompromisingly, and, if necessary, toughly. You and I can observe such a model, based on the primacy of force, in some street group or military structure. However, the main, decisive factor that rules the roost in the interaction of people in modern society is the principle of benefit. Just as in the case of a street gang, people seeking benefits can unite into a group that will help them, acting together, get more benefits for themselves, grab larger piece compared with other members of society, acting alone, to resist attempts by other groups to obtain more benefits for themselves at their expense. We will call such a grouping, regardless of its size, methods and nature of benefits received, declared goals, etc., a corporation. Corporate psychology, respectively - special style behavior and thinking of people who are members of a corporation and subordinate their way of thinking and actions (often subconsciously) to corporate interests, corporate position.
2. 2000 years ago, Jesus Christ proclaimed a teaching that called on people to build relationships with each other not on violence, but on love. But what is love? Love is emotional positive attitude towards a person, associated with providing him with help and various kinds of services, associated with the desire to do something pleasant for him, etc., with a condescending attitude towards his shortcomings. When does love play a constructive role in relationships between people? Only when she is sincere. However, sincerity is what people who proclaim love are talking about highest value, quickly forgotten. In the original postulates of Christianity, love, the desire to have this state in oneself, was supposed to contribute to the internal improvement of a person - if he met someone who caused his rejection, if negative emotional impulses appeared instead of love, this meant that the person was not perfect enough, what he needed work on yourself further. Instead, people quickly left this path and took the path of a formal manifestation of love for each other, in which a person exchanged his condescending attitude towards the shortcomings of others for the condescending attitude of others towards his own shortcomings, and also expected to provide some services for himself in exchange for that that he himself provided some services to others. This practice has become so deeply ingrained in the worldview of modern society that it does not occur to the vast majority to doubt its adequacy and consider that it is not something natural. Thus, the norm in today's society has become not some sincere manifestation of feelings, good intentions, etc., all this is practically unnecessary for anyone in our time, but entering into a formal relationship, with the pre-set goal of obtaining a certain benefit, which is guaranteed some kind of tacit agreement between their participants.
3
. Let us now consider the actual features of corporate psychology in more detail.
1) The opinion and position of a corporation participant depends on the opinion and position of other participants. This connection, however, does not lie in the fact that the group is created on the basis of some common beliefs and ideas, not in the fact that when communicating with each other, the members of the corporation bring together their opinions on certain issues and their view of things, it lies in the fact that the corporation's participants always try to support each other, regardless of the essence of the issue under consideration. Often a member of a corporation can do this automatically, subconsciously adjusting “his” opinion to the desired option, but even if this participant understands perfectly well that what he will say to shield “his own” is a clear violation of the truth, he will still say it, because I am sure that they must be protected in any way.
2) Double standards are applied to “friends” and “strangers”. A participant in a corporation always evaluates certain qualities, actions, statements, etc. of “our own” and “strangers” differently, with different sides, using different criteria, especially if it concerns any conflict situation. Stunning examples of this type of overlay double standards, which I will never be able to comprehend, are given by Western civilization. After Hitler came to power in Germany, the Nazis proclaimed that every German should be a patriot, an exemplary family man, take every possible care for the prosperity of the country and his fellow citizens, etc., while simultaneously declaring all Slavs as subhumans, whose murder without any pity would be good for them. Against this background, the current position of the United States and the statements of American politicians look like innocent slips of the tongue.
3) The attitude of members of a corporation towards a person who is not a member of the corporation is usually of two types. If they hope to attract him to enter into corporate relations with them and get some benefits from this, they strive to advertise themselves and interest potential participant, win his favor, often using flattery, etc., but if they are convinced that he is not suitable for them, they organize discrimination and bullying, without often experiencing the slightest embarrassment. An indicative illustration of such behavior of corporation participants is filmed back in Soviet time movie "Scarecrow".
4) Being inside a corporation, each individual is capable of more arrogant, defiant, absurd, etc. behavior, since he feels, as it were, “covered up” by the corporation. Often this feeling of “covering up” evokes in people the most base and vicious instincts, liberates and gives vent to the action of all sorts of complexes that a person tries to compensate “by the opposite”, i.e. a coward becomes aggressive, etc. An example of such behavior is the actions of a typical a hooligan group or, for example, even Putin’s security (see http://revolutija.narod.ru/fkt/spnsst.htm). However, if a member of the corporation goes too far, the rest simply ignore it and pretend that they had nothing to do with it, not defending him, but not blaming him either.
5) The corporate group does not have its own ideology, clear moral and value guidelines, there is no (within) recognized leader, etc., but there are definitely some formal criteria, authorities or fetishes that the participants focus on in order to feel some kind of unity . In addition, by appealing to these authorities, a corporation participant seeks to substantiate his opinion and increase his status. It could be football and paraphernalia of your favorite team, gold chains and crimson jackets, books by Castaneda and Blavatsky or the theory of Marx, but in any case, even if such things are certain ideas and teachings famous personalities, it makes no sense with a corporate participant to start a deep conversation on this topic and expect to actually follow the spirit of these teachings; for him, it only makes sense to formally mention and express commitment to these things, at the level of dogmatic assessments, and not meaning.
6) With dogmatism and fanaticism when defending a corporate position, corporation participants are always characterized by a certain strange “modesty” associated with the desire not to take personal responsibility for the points expressed and actions taken, an involuntary desire to always share responsibility for the position that he takes, on everyone (and ultimately it turns out not to be assigned to anyone). If you press down on any corporate group, revealing the unsightly facts of its activities, it will turn out that there are no extreme ones, everyone seems to have nothing to do with it, but did it only because “everyone” did.
4
. Where do corporations exist and where is corporate psychology imposed on a person? Almost everywhere. It is taught starting from school and even from kindergarten. Almost every person has a suspicion that it is probably not good to report the unsightly behavior of colleagues to their superiors. That it would be right not to “separate from the team” and take part in some common event, even if it seems stupid to you. That pointing out to someone that he does not follow the general opinion that has developed here without him is a good argument. As a result, the entire society is divided into corporate groups acting against each other. Students make a collective effort to deceive teachers. Officials unite and act in collusion in order to jointly “cut” budget money. Police officers categorically do not notice the facts of exceeding each other's powers. Finally, everyone prefers to mind their own business and apply corporate norms for themselves personally (for example, giving a bribe to someone to quickly solve a problem), loudly lamenting and expressing regret that there is so much corruption in the country and that no one wants to comply with the same generally declared moral principles and follow the law. The amorphous nature of beliefs and values, characteristic of corporate psychology, and collective irresponsibility as a whole are corroding society and destroying the country.
But how should we proceed? First, you need to realize that the stereotypes underlying corporate psychology, which look like some kind of “favor” to others, mean a false favor that neither you nor yourself need. to this person, nor to society as a whole. It would be much more correct not to indulge one’s own weaknesses and that of each other, but to follow correct principles, as well as requiring others to follow these principles. Only such a practice can create a normal and healthy atmosphere both in an individual micro-collective and in society as a whole, when people treat each other with true respect and a true desire to help and assist in difficulties, instead of the despicable commercial calculation and expectation that dominates these days. in doubt of reciprocal handouts in exchange for your handouts.
5 . Unfortunately, corporate psychology is so deeply embedded in the consciousness of people that people, starting with some good intentions, intending to implement some progressive plans, etc., choose to turn the group created for their implementation into a corporation. They have the illusion that a much easier and simpler way to achieve what they want than persuading their opponents, confirming their rightness in practice, refining and developing their theory in the part where it is weak in collision with reality and does not withstand criticism well, is to simply keep silent about it criticism, silencing opponents, selecting supporters based on the principle “do you (formally) agree with us or not?”, and not on the principle true motives, qualities, abilities of this person. However, such a path always and inevitably leads to a dead end. A perfect example This path to a dead end and the transformation of a group of people initially striving to implement certain good intentions and ideas into a corporation and the inevitable subsequent stop in development, the emasculation of the essence of these ideas and a complete turn from the initially declared goals to serving exclusively the internal and selfish needs of this group, is the evolution communist party throughout the history of the USSR. Being initially a revolutionary party, in which there were quite a lot of active, independently thinking and extraordinary individuals, by the end of the 80s this party finally turned into a party of careerists, opportunists, bureaucrats, who were looking for a “warm” place in it, for whom the repetition of slogans about moving towards communism, etc. turned into only a kind of formal ritual, carried out by force of tradition, but without the slightest support in the form of true intentions.
6 . As a final addition, I would like to note prosperity corporate psychology not only in real life, but also in virtual space, in particular, on numerous Runet forums. Moreover, here, where unification into virtual corporations gives only purely psychological, but no real and pragmatic benefits, this corporate psychology and stereotypes of corporate thinking are manifested in their pure form, and the degree to which it is crammed into people’s brains is especially clearly visible. The vast majority of forums, both those where typical ordinary people communicate and those where people gather who express the ideas of humanism, spirituality, self-improvement and the fight for the revival of Russia, turn into narrow corporate get-togethers, where people with alternative views or simply hope order to freely express one’s position and adequately evaluate it. A contingent of regular visitors, as a rule, in cooperation with the administration, bark and expel from the forum everyone who decided, even involuntarily, to “stand out” and, even more so, to express criticism of these old participants. I saw an excellent example of the manifestation of corporate psychology during the events of the so-called. "orange revolution" in Ukraine at one of the orange "forums". The moderator’s statement in one of the topics simply killed me. He wrote something like this: “By the way... here Now I understood why I banned such and such (Yanukovych’s supporters)." However, the principle of “first sanctions - then selection of arguments”, even without such voicing of it in plain text, is very common on a significant part of the forums. Alas, it is almost impossible to convey to the consciousness of people who propagate, for example, some idea that by “protecting” themselves and their idea from criticism using such methods, they do not achieve its protection, but, on the contrary, achieve it and their discredit, building a barrier that fences them off from everyone the rest.
A corporate psychologist is a specialist who can perform very different functions in a company. Let's try to figure out why a corporate psychologist is needed in an organization.
Generally speaking, the work of a corporate psychologist in a business organization consists of activities in two main areas - assessing employees and consulting them.
Grade
Like us, a corporate psychologist evaluates the professional and personal qualities of employees at the selection stage. A corporate psychologist can assess how conflict-resistant and stress-resistant a person is, whether he is able to comply with social rules and norms, whether he can be loyal and trustworthy, etc.
I would like to emphasize that only a person with knowledge in the field of psychodiagnostics can objectively evaluate the results test methods. A good corporate psychologist uses special interviewing and analysis techniques, unlike an HR specialist without a psychological background, who often does this intuitively.
A corporate psychologist takes part in projects for assessing existing staff, conducts surveys of employees’ opinions in relation to various aspects of work, assesses the satisfaction and loyalty of the team, . A good corporate psychologist has the skills of mass research of employee opinions, knows how to correctly statistically process the data obtained, interpret them and formulate clear recommendations for improving the situation in the company.
Consulting
One of the main tasks of a corporate psychologist is to advise company managers on the situation in the team - employee satisfaction, motivational level, conflicts, stress levels, etc. Based on information objectively received from employees, the corporate psychologist formulates clear and reasoned recommendations for improving the situation. He points out that the team must be satisfied first in order to improve the level of performance.
In essence, a corporate psychologist is a mediator in coordinating the needs of employees and the organization; he is an independent expert and has no right to take anyone’s position in order to remain objective. A corporate psychologist only advises on how to most effectively and economically stimulate the team to work.
A separate area of work for a corporate psychologist is individual counseling of employees on their psychological problems. In this case, the psychologist must have basic knowledge and skills in psychological counseling and psychotherapy.
It is preferable if the consulting corporate psychologist is not involved in personnel assessment in the company and does not occupy leadership position, which may reduce the degree of trust in the specialist. When consulting with a corporate psychologist, it is worth clearly defining the rules for the anonymity of this work, otherwise few people will turn to a specialist for help for fear that the information received will be passed on to management.
In my experience, the problems with which employees most often seek advice are conflicts with management and colleagues, relationship problems with loved ones and a crisis of self-realization. Of course, the organization is not a free psychotherapeutic center, but assistance in solving psychological problems can help improve employee mental well-being and have a knock-on effect on productivity. Consultations with a corporate psychologist are stress management.”
A separate area of work for a corporate psychologist may be participation in group trainings on conflict resolution and effective communication.
As a rule, a corporate psychologist works within the personnel department or as a separate specialist who reports directly to the head of the company. IN in some cases, if a corporate psychologist deals with issues of personnel trustworthiness, he can be assigned to the company's security service.
Konstantin Blokhin,
