The definition is minor member a sentence that denotes a sign, quality, property of an object and answers the questions WHAT? WHOSE? WHICH THE? At parsing definition sentences are underlined with a wavy line.
Definitions are usually included as dependent words in phrases with nouns and can be associated with them by means of agreement (for example: BIG HOUSE, BEAUTIFUL GARDEN) or by means of control and adjunction (for example: MAN (what?) IN A HAT, ABILITY (what?) TO PLAY) . Definitions associated with nouns by agreement are called agreed, by means of control or adjunction - inconsistent.
Agreed definitions can be expressed by adjectives (NEW ROUTE), participles (PAID ROUTE), possessive pronouns(OUR ROUTE) and ordinal numbers (THE FIFTH ROUTE). An inconsistent definition can be expressed by a noun in indirect cases(HOUSE - what? - ON THE MOUNTAIN), the comparative degree of the adjective (I DID NOT SEE A STORM - what? - STRONGER), the infinitive (OPPORTUNITY - what? - TO LEARN) and the pronoun (HIS BOOK).
Inconsistent definitions may combine their meaning with the meaning of circumstances and additions. Compare: HOUSE (where?) ON THE MOUNTAIN and HOUSE (what?) ON THE MOUNTAIN. Both questions are perfectly appropriate, and ON THE MOUNTAIN can be considered both a circumstance and a definition. Another example: MEET (with whom?) FRIENDS and MEET (what?) FRIENDS. In these phrases WITH FRIENDS it will be both an addition and a definition.
Isolation- this is the selection on the letter on both sides with punctuation marks (commas, dashes, brackets) of some part of the sentence.
Definitions are separated in accordance with the following rules.
1. An agreed definition is isolated, consisting of several words and referring to the previous noun. Compare two sentences:
Path, overgrown with grass led to the river.
overgrown with grass path led to the river.
2. The agreed definition relating to the personal pronoun is isolated, regardless of its place in the sentence and prevalence. For example:
Happy he
He, happy, told me about his successes.
Satisfied with your success he told me about them.
He, happy with your success told me about them.
Please note: in the example from the first paragraph of the rule, the phrase OVERGROWING WITH GRASS is marked with commas. If the definition has dependent words, then together they form definitive turnover.
This rule has three notes:
1. An agreed definition (both one-word and consisting of several words) referring to and preceding a noun can be isolated if it has additional value reasons (that is, it combines the meanings of the definition and the circumstance of the reason). For example:
Tired tourists decided to abandon the re-ascent.
Tired after a sleepless night tourists decided to abandon the re-ascent.
(In both sentences, the definition explains reason refusal to re-ascent.)
2. Definitions that come after the word being defined, but are closely related in meaning to it or to other members of the sentence, are not isolated. In such cases, if the definition is removed from the sentence, the phrase loses its meaning. For example:
He could hear things are rather unpleasant (Lermontov). Sea at his feet lay silent and white(Paustovsky).
3. A definition stands apart, wherever it appears, if it is separated from the word being defined by other words. For example:
In the end of January, covered with the first thaw, cherries smell good gardens(Sholokhov).
The exercise
- Maybe it was a thorn or the tip of a nail_ of a collar that came out of the felt padding (Aitmatov).
- Lying on his armor-hard back, he saw, as soon as he raised his head, his brown, convex, divided by arcuate scales_ belly, on the top of which he could barely hold_ a blanket that was about to finally slip off (Kafka).
- In the bright dawn, the black tops of birches were drawn - thin, like letters (Pasternak).
- The princess absolutely hates me, they have already told me two or three epigrams in my account_ rather caustic, but at the same time very flattering (Lermontov).
- I still try to explain to myself what kind of feeling boiled in my chest then: it was the annoyance of offended pride, and contempt, and anger_ born at the thought that this man was now looking at me with such confidence, with such calm impudence_ two minutes ago ago, without exposing himself to any danger, he wanted to kill me like a dog, for if I had been wounded in the leg a little more, I would certainly have fallen off the cliff (Lermontov).
- Lubricate the form with grease so that it does not rust, and remove kitchen table, make a sauce of oxylithium_ hydrate diluted in a glass of fresh milk (Vian).
- Staggering and panting, he finally went ashore, saw a dressing gown lying on the ground, picked it up and mechanically rubbed it until his stiff body warmed up (Hesse).
- My father's elder brother, who died in 1813, intending to set up a village hospital, gave him as a boy to some doctor he knew to be trained in the art of paramedics (Herzen).
- Who told you that there is no true, true, eternal love in the world? (Bulgakov).
- But that's not all: the third in this company turned out to be a cat that came from nowhere, huge, like a hog, black, like soot or a rook ... (Bulgakov).
- Winter evening on December 14_ thick_ dark_ frosty (Tynyanov).
- The fields, all the fields, stretched all the way to the sky, now slightly rising, then lowering again; here and there one could see small forests, and ravines, dotted with sparse and low shrubs, twisted ... (Turgenev).
- One_ black_ large and shabby_ was very similar to those rats that he saw on ships during his travels (Tournier).
- Strangest of all are the incidents that happen on Nevsky Prospekt! (Gogol).
Dr. Budakh_ washed out_ dressed in everything clean_ carefully shaved_ looked very impressive (Strugatskys).
They drank coffee in a gazebo on the shore of a wide lake dotted with islands (Pushkin).
Deeply offended, she sat down under the window and sat without undressing until late at night (Pushkin).
The old woman_ looking at him from behind the partition_ could not know whether he fell asleep or just thought (Pushkin).
The Foolovites, who were not strong in self-government, began to attribute this phenomenon to the mediation of some unknown force (Shchedrin).
Encased in granite_ the waves of the sea are suppressed by enormous weights_ sliding along their ridges_ beat against the sides of the ships, on the shores, beat and grumble_ foamed_ polluted with various rubbish (Bitter).
In a long beak_ curved at the end_ the seagull held a small fish.
And either he made a grimace_ blinded by the setting sun_ or his face was generally characterized by a certain strangeness, only his lips seemed too short ... (Mann).
Children_ curious and inquisitive_ immediately noticed that something incomprehensible was going on in the city.
His father met him with a gloomy and surprised look.
He opened the notebook and drew two lines parallel to each other.
draw equilateral triangle with a side equal to five centimeters.
But now they did not speak for long, - that_ wise_ who did not interfere with their judgment_ spoke himself: “Stop! There is a punishment. This is a terrible punishment; you won't invent something like that in a thousand years!" (Bitter).
A small nocturnal bird, rushing inaudibly and low on its soft wings, almost stumbled upon me and timidly dived to the side (Turgenev).
Definition - a minor member of the proposal. The definition answers the question what? whose? and denotes an attribute of an object. Definitions explain the members of the sentence.
Definitions are of 2 types
1) Agreed
2) Inconsistent
Agreed Definitions
Agreed definitions are combined with the word being defined in the form (number, case, gender). And they can be expressed:
1) Adjective: I bought an orange T-shirt.
2) Pronoun: Our road.
3) Numerals: Give me the second volume.
4) Communion: Green forest
Agreed definitions most often come before the word being defined.
The meanings of agreed definitions vary. Depend on the meaning of the words (lexical) they are.
Definitions that denote the quality of an object are expressed quality adjectives. Definitions that designate a sign of an object in terms of time and place of its location are expressed by relative adjectives. Definitions that are expressed possessive adjectives or possessive pronouns, denote possession.
Definitions that indicate the indeterminacy of the subject in relation to property, quality, belonging, are expressed by indefinite pronouns. Definitions that are expressed by ordinal numbers indicate the order in counting. Definitions that can denote a sign associated with an action are expressed by participles.
Inconsistent definitions
Inconsistent definitions are combined with the main adjunction (they are an invariable part of speech or form) or control (placed with the main word and in a certain case). And they can be expressed:
1) A noun with and without a preposition in the indirect case: Climate in St. Petersburg. Pilot flight.
2) Infinitive: The desire to see. I have a desire to learn.
3) Adverb: I was served soft-boiled eggs. I love walking.
4) Adjective in comparative degree: The house is smaller.
5) Possessive pronoun of his, her, them: His sister. Their apartment.
6) In a single phrase: Mom saw a girl about fourteen years old.
Inconsistent definitions can indicate belonging if they are expressed by a noun without a preposition in genitive case.
Inconsistent definitions can mean different features
- - sign by material;
- - a sign that indicates that the object has any external features, details;
- - a sign that characterizes the object in relation to space;
- - a sign indicating the contents of the subject;
- - a sign indicating the purpose of the subject, if they are expressed by a noun with prepositions in oblique cases.
Inconsistent definitions can mean a sign in relation to direction, quality, time, mode of action, if they are expressed by an adverb. Inconsistent definitions, which are expressed by the infinitive, serve to reveal the content of the subject
The attachment of definitions to words of subjective meaning (primarily nouns) forms their main function - naming the attribute of an object. By virtue of the same attachment, definitions (if they do not lose their defining function) cannot occupy the positions of determining members in the sentence, i.e.
They always duplicate the dependent component of the phrase, but often with more specific semantics, cf.: Children entered the first grade; The ninth this year became the first class in academic performance.
The nature syntactic connection definitions with a defined word, all definitions are divided into agreed and inconsistent.
Agreed definitions are expressed by those parts of speech that, referring to the word being defined, are able to be likened to it in number and case, and in singular- and in kind. They can be expressed by adjectives: The door to the damp porch dissolved again (A.K.T.); communion: My steps resounded dully in the freezing air (T.); pronominal adjective: Our fortress stood on a high place (L.); ordinal number: The second boy, Pavlusha, had tousled hair (T.); A carriage was waiting outside the third gate (Nab.); quantitative numeral one: I knew only one thought power, one, but a fiery passion (L.).
The specific meanings of the agreed definitions are very varied and depend on lexical meaning the words with which they are expressed. Definitions expressed by qualitative adjectives denote the quality, color of an object: She was tormented by a thirst for fame, and terrible force self-sacrifice, and insane courage, and a feeling of childish mischievous, piercing happiness (Fad.); It was pure blue lake, with an unusual expression of water (Nab.). Definitions, expressed by relative adjectives, indicate the attribute of an object at its location and time: Yesterday we spent in the forest on our long-range batteries (Inb.); rural library was near the school; a sign of an object by material: Through a frequent net of rain one could see a hut with a plank roof and two pipes (T.); affiliation: The dead man did not let the regimental banner out of his hands. Definitions expressed by possessive adjectives, as well as possessive pronouns, denote belonging: His grandfather's face leaned over his face (M. G.); Farewell, sea! I will not forget your solemn beauty and for a long, long time I will hear your rumble in the evening hours (P.). Definitions expressed by indefinite pronouns indicate the uncertainty of the subject in relation to quality, property, belonging, etc.: Occasionally, as if from someone's touch, I raised my head (Past.); Tell me some news (L.). Definitions expressed in negative and definitive pronouns, denote excretory-enhancing features: He knew every person, every family, every alley of this large working outskirts (Cat.); For a long time I did not find any game (T.). Definitions expressed by ordinal numbers indicate the order of the subject when counting: Sukhoedov (Pan.) was on duty in the ninth carriage. Definitions participles, can indicate a sign that is the result of some action: the fallen trees lay flat, without any relief, and the trees that remained standing, also flat, with a side shadow along the trunk for the illusion of roundness, their branches barely held on to the torn nets of the sky (Nab.).
Note. If relative adjective or ordinal number used in figurative meaning, the definition denotes quality: In the golden, in the bright south, I still see you in the distance (Tyutch.); You are the first person in production.
Inconsistent definitions, in contrast to agreed ones, are associated with the word being defined by the method of control (poet's poems, a boat with sails) or adjoining (riding at a pace, desire to learn). They can be expressed by nouns without prepositions (in the genitive and instrumental cases) and with prepositions (in all oblique cases): A light gust of wind woke me up (T.); A wet, woolly-gray sky rubs against the window leaf (Past.); He wore overalls, changed his mustache with a ring to a mustache with a brush (Fed.); The matter of the inheritance is holding me back for a long time (A.N.T.); He was wearing a colorful cotton shirt with a yellow border (T.); And what did he see, the dead Falcon, in this desert without bottom and edge? (M. G.); Next to him walked Fedyushka in his father's cap (Ch.); personal pronoun in the genitive case (in the possessive meaning): There was so much longing in his eyes that it could have poisoned all the people of the world with it (M. G.); comparative degree of the adjective: There were no bigger and more important events in the history of mankind (A.N.T.); adverb: There are, however, incredible cases when stearin candles and soft-boiled boots are obtained (G. Usp.); indefinite form verb: He went to the right with a step and sent an adjutant to the dragoons with orders to attack the French (L.T.).
Inconsistent definitions expressed by a noun in the genitive case without a preposition can indicate belonging: Kutuzov's face, standing at the door of the office, remained completely motionless for several moments (L.T.); attitude to the team, institution, etc.: The blacksmith of the Putilov factory Ivan Gora was cleaning his rifle (A.N.T.); producer of action: Less and less often, quieter and more distantly, one hears the creak of wheels, then a gentle Little Russian song, then the sonorous neighing of horses, then fuss and the last chirping of sleeping birds (Kupr.); a sign according to its bearer: A horse and a rider dived from a dilapidated barrack into the darkness of the forest (N. Ostr.); the relation of the whole to the part, which is indicated by the word being defined: You are a little cold, you cover your face with an overcoat collar (T.), etc.
Inconsistent definitions, expressed by a noun in the instrumental case without a preposition, denote a sign established by comparison with an object called the defining word: Moses is already walking in a bowler hat (Ch.).
Inconsistent definitions expressed by a noun in oblique cases with prepositions can denote various features.
Sign by material: On an immaculately clean table, black marble writing instruments were arranged with dead accuracy, folders made of shiny cardboard lay (A.N.T.); a sign of the presence of an object of any external feature, details: ... A minute later, a young man in a military overcoat and a white cap entered the caretaker (P.); I went up to a stranger in a fur coat and saw him (Cupr.); People with whiskers stood at the gunwale and smoked pipes (Paust.); sign by belonging to broad sense words: Huge boilers from military ships were buried under snowdrifts (A.N. T.); a sign that characterizes an object in a spatial sense: A girl was standing by the jamb in the kitchen (M. G.); Chelkash crossed the road and sat down on the bedside table opposite the doors of the tavern (M. G.); a sign indicating the contents of the object: From sleep, sits in an ice bath (P.); a sign that limits the subject in any respect: Before dawn in a dark cave, the famous golden eagle hunter Khali tells me about eagles (Prishv.); a sign indicating the purpose of the object: Everything froze on the benches for the public (M. G.), etc.
Inconsistent definitions, expressed by the comparative degree of the adjective, denote a qualitative feature of the subject, inherent in it to a greater or lesser extent. lesser degree than other subjects: It is unlikely that you had a stronger and more beautiful guy to see (N.).
Inconsistent definitions expressed in an adverb can indicate a sign in relation to quality, direction, time, mode of action: Between the windows stood a hussar with a ruddy face and bulging eyes (T.); They knew both lope with a lance, and cutting right and left with a saber (A.N.T.); Together with tea, they served us cutlets, soft-boiled eggs, butter, honey (T.).
Inconsistent definitions, expressed by the infinitive, serve to reveal the content of the subject, often denoted by an abstract noun: Thanks to the ability to quickly grasp and remember what he heard, he passed the exams (S.-Shch.); I could not stand it and ran out of the bushes onto the path, obeying a fiery desire to throw myself on my father's neck (Kor.).
Inconsistent definitions can be expressed by phraseological combinations, as well as syntactically inseparable phrases. In the sentence Here, it’s true, you will read the vows in love to the grave (P.), the definition is expressed phraseological combination to the tombstone.
In the role of a definition expressed by a syntactically inseparable phrase, combinations of a noun in the genitive case with a quantitative numeral agreed with it most often act: A boy of about fifteen, curly and red-cheeked, sat as a coachman and with difficulty kept a well-fed piebald stallion (T.); combinations of a noun with an adjective in the instrumental case: He [Chelkash] immediately liked this healthy, good-natured guy with childish bright eyes (M. G.), “Here it is, then, as it happens,” said the old Nikolaev soldier with a spongy nose (Paust. ). Phrases consisting of adjectives and nouns in the genitive case are syntactically inseparable, in which it is impossible to separate the adjective, since it is in it that the designation of the delimiting feature is contained. In sentences, a man of medium height (L.) came out of the boat; He was wearing a short coat of bronze color and a black cap (T.); He fastened the bekeshi hooks, pulled a soldier's artificial astrakhan hat over his eyebrows (A.N.T.); For three days in a row, this stocky figure and face of an oriental type (M. G.) attracted my attention; They were a husband, wife, their boy of seven years of extraordinary beauty (Fed.); Boys close to my age were thirteen years old (Past.) The phrases of medium height, bronze color, artificial astrakhan fur, oriental type, extraordinary beauty, close age are syntactically inseparable.
Less common are definitions expressed by syntactically inseparable phrases of other types. For example: A few minutes later we were at the fire in a circle of four shepherds dressed in sheepskins with wool up (M. G.); The upper heated water lies in a layer ten to twelve meters thick on a deep cold water and does not mix with it at all (Paust.).
Inconsistent definitions quite often have a definitive meaning with shades of other meanings. Functional complication is especially typical for definitions expressed by prepositional-nominal combinations and adverbs, which, of course, is associated with their lexical and morphological nature.
The contradiction revealed here between the specific meaning of the dependent word form (spatial, temporal) and its relation to the word form of objective meaning (attributive) is resolved in the functional combination of two members in one. So, prepositional-nominal combinations in the attributive function can be complicated by adverbial meanings - spatial: I rented a room with a window on the Kremlin (Past.); temporary: This is my habit since childhood (T.); object meaning: At the battery heights, people with spyglasses were slightly distinguishable (Past.).
Definitions expressed in adverbs, can also be functionally complicated. For example, a definitive-spatial meaning: Agents were preparing a massacre in Petrograd - an explosion from the inside (A.N.T.); definitive-temporal meaning: The successful fishing of beluga in winter enriched the fishermen even more (Kupr.).
Writing inconsistent sentences is a common grammar mistake. An uncoordinated proposal is two complete sentences, which are combined without proper punctuation or conjunctions. If you're taking notes for a specific purpose and are concerned that you might have inconsistent sentences, you first need to learn to recognize common mistakes that lead to inconsistent sentences.
Steps
Understanding independent proposals, to identify inconsistent proposals
- An independent clause is the opposite of a dependent clause. A dependent clause also has a subject and a predicate, but it must have an independent clause to be considered complete. For example, "Because I eat ice cream" is addictive because it doesn't make sense on its own; the words "because" require more information.
-
Find the subject in the independent clause. When you look at a set of words that you consider to be an independent clause, first find the subject. The subject is that which performs the action. It is a noun that is a person, place, thing, or idea.
- Consider the sentence "The dog licked the bowl." Who performs the action? The dog is doing the action. This means that the dog is the noun in the sentence.
-
Find the predicate. The predicate is the action in the sentence. It shows what the subject does. In the above sentence, what is the action? What is the dog doing? She licks. "Licked" is a predicate.
Determine if the sentence has a complete thought. Ask yourself, does this set of words sound like a complete thought? In this set there are words like "because" that deprive the sentence independent meaning(e.g. "at that time", "when", "what" and so on)? The sentence "The dog licked the bowl" has no such words, so it is considered independent.
Understand that you must separate independent sentences with punctuation marks. Independent sentences need special punctuation. End with a period, semicolon, or comma and conjunction to separate them from another sentence.
Look for inconsistent sentences as you reread notes. Read the text slowly. Read it aloud. Think over every offer. Does it have more than one independent proposal? Does it have two subjects and two predicates without proper punctuation? If you find inconsistent proposals, correct them using the following sections.
- Make sure you use every comma you use correctly, as an incorrect comma can create inconsistent sentences. This issue will be discussed in the next section.
Recognition and correction of connecting commas
-
Watch out for connecting commas in your letter. A connecting comma is when two independent sentences are separated by a comma. Look at the two sentences: "The dog licked the bowl, he liked the ice cream." We have already established that "The dog licked the bowl" is an independent sentence.
- How about "She liked ice cream"? Who is performing the action? In this case, it's "Hey". Yeu is a pronoun that takes the place of a noun. What is the action in the offer? It's a little more difficult to define the action in this sentence, but she "liked" the ice cream, so "liked" the predicate. Is there a word that makes this sentence dependent? No, none. Therefore, "She liked the ice cream" is also an independent proposal.
-
Correct the connecting commas by adding a period. You have three basic tricks that you can use to correct connecting commas. The first is to simply change the comma to a period and the first letter of the following sentence: “The dog licked the bowl. She liked ice cream."
-
Change the comma to a semicolon. Another option for correcting connecting commas is to use a semicolon between two sentences. Let's look at our example:
- “The dog licked the bowl; she liked ice cream.
-
Add a conjunction to turn part of an inconsistent sentence into a dependent clause. Another way to correct the inconsistency is to add conjunctions such as "and", "but", "neither", "nevertheless", "thus", or "or", depending on the relationship between the two sentences. "And" connects additional clauses; "but" connects conflicting sentences. "Neither" indicates that neither option is suitable. "Or" gives two options. "Nevertheless" is also contradictory. "Thus" basically means "therefore".
- In our example, the sentences are complementary, although if you choose this method, it makes more sense to reverse the sentences: "The dog liked the ice cream and licked the bowl."
- You can also use "because" in our example: "The dog licked the bowl because he liked the ice cream." "Because" creates a dependent clause and now the whole clause will consist of a dependent and an independent, which is perfectly acceptable.
- In our example, the sentences are complementary, although if you choose this method, it makes more sense to reverse the sentences: "The dog liked the ice cream and licked the bowl."
-
Choose a correction method depending on the types of offers you are dealing with. The method you use to separate sentences depends on how they are related. Most likely, a semicolon, or a comma and conjunction would work well, because if you have already separated sentences with commas, then the sentences are most likely closely related.
- The dot is suitable for independent sentences.
Correction of other types of inconsistent proposals
-
Find sentences where there are more than two independent sentences on the same line. Another kind of inconsistent sentences is when there are more than two independent sentences in a line connected by conjunctions. For example, look at the following sentences:
- "The dog liked the ice cream and licked the bowl, but he didn't finish it." We have already established the first two sections of this text of independent proposals. What about the last one? What a question? "She" is the subject, as is the pronoun. The predicate here is a little more complicated, because it consists of several words. But what does action show? "Didn't finish" is a grammatical predicate in this sentence. Thus, this text has three independent sentences. This is too much for one line.
-
Correct the inconsistency with more than two independent proposals. To correct this mismatch, use the same methods from the previous section, but at least, in one of the independent proposals. For example:
- “The dog liked the ice cream. She licked the bowl, but she didn't finish it."
- Of course, you have other options for correcting this inconsistency, such as “The dog liked the ice cream and licked the bowl. However, she didn't finish it." Or “The dog liked the ice cream. She licked the bowl; however, she did not finish it." Basically, you don't use a conjunction to start a sentence (although this rule has been loosened), so you need to change "but" to "nevertheless" when it's at the beginning of a sentence.
-
Add separating marks into incoherent sentences without punctuation. Another kind of inconsistent sentences are two sentences that are put together without punctuation marks. For example:
- "The dog liked the ice cream and licked the bowl." You can use the same methods described in the previous section to separate them: "The dog liked the ice cream, so he licked the bowl."
- The main thing to remember is that basically a sentence can only have two independent sentences, and they must have proper punctuation marks. Never combine two independent clauses with just a comma; always use a dot, semicolon, or comma with a union.
- Connecting commas are when two complete sentences are separated by only a comma, not a dot or semicolon.
- Find complex connecting commas. The connecting comma can be a bit confusing, like "The dog wanted to eat chocolate, however, chocolate is not good for him." You have two full sentences here, and "nevertheless" does not count as a conjunction to separate the two sentences.
Distinguish between independent and dependent clauses. An independent clause has a subject and a predicate. It can be independent and forms a complete thought. For example, "I eat ice cream." It is a complete independent sentence (a complete sentence) because it has a subject "I" and a predicate "to eat".
Inconsistent definitions, unlike agreed definitions, are associated with
Defined by the word according to the method of management (writer's story, boat with
Sails) or adjoining (desire to work).
They can be expressed by nouns in oblique cases without
Prepositions. In this case, the most common type are definitions,
Expressed by a noun in the genitive case (student's mother,
teacher's work).
More often than others, inconsistent definitions are used, denoting
Sign of the object being defined in relation. These definitions by value
Corresponding to agreed definitions, but possessing in comparison with
They have great opportunities for concretization and refinement of the feature, since
They can add definitions to themselves:
Fathers jacket hangs on the wall;
My father's jacket hangs on the wall.
Inconsistent definitions expressed by a noun in
The genitive case can denote a feature by its carrier:
With the love of an artist, he gave himself up to a new and unexpected impression.
(I. A. Goncharov).
Inconsistent definitions expressed by the genitive case of the name
A noun with an abstract meaning can denote a sign,
Revealing and clarifying the content of the concept. Such definitions are often
Correlative with agreed definitions expressed relative and
Qualitative adjectives allow synonymous replacement:
peace policy - peace policy;
history of the fatherland - national history.
Inconsistent definitions can designate a sign according to the actor,
Action Producer:
I quickly turned to the door, waiting for the appearance of my accuser.
(A. S. Pushkin).
A special group is made up of inconsistent definitions expressed
3rd person pronominal nouns in the genitive case,
For example:
I see their house.
Her friend came.
It should be noted that such definitions usually come before the defined
In a word and this they differ from the inconsistent definitions expressed
The genitive case of nouns.
A small group consists of definitions expressed by the name
A noun in the instrumental case without a preposition. Semantics of them
Diverse. They can mean "a sign by likeness and by character
Actions. In the latter case, the definitions refer to the members of the sentence,
Expressed by verbal nouns, and correlative with
Circumstances of the mode of action with the corresponding verbs.
For example:
The offensive began with whole battalions.
We began to advance in whole battalions.
No less diverse are the semantics of inconsistent definitions expressed
Nouns in oblique cases with prepositions. "Inconsistent
Definitions expressed by nouns in indirect cases with
Various prepositions, ... represent a living and developing in Russian
The language is a way of expressing a definition. The richness of the meanings of prepositions
They determine the breadth of meanings and diversity in the shades of signs,
Denoted by inconsistent definitions of this type."
In the role of inconsistent definitions of the above group are the names
Nouns included in nominal phrases and expressing proper
Defining relations (and defining relations with various
Additional shades of meaning).
Inconsistent definitions expressed by nouns with
Prepositions usually characterize defined objects by place, time, in
causal or purposive relationship. This distinguishes them from definitions,
Expressed by nouns without prepositions.
The most commonly used are definitions expressed by the name
Nouns in the genitive case with different prepositions, in the instrumental
Case with preposition with and in prepositional with a suggestion in Yet these types
Definitions are significantly inferior to definitions expressed by names
Nouns in the genitive case without a preposition, according to usage and
Variety of meanings.
Among the inconsistent definitions expressed by nouns in
In the genitive case with various prepositions, the following can be distinguished
1) definitions with the preposition from, denoting a sign according to the material:
panel of leaves; barn from boards;
2) definitions with the preposition from, denoting a feature by origin:
commander of officers; come from the workers;
3) a definition with the preposition from under, denoting a sign of the substance,
cake box.
Widespread definitions include names
Nouns in the genitive case with prepositions from, from under, from, from, from,
Near, near, against, denoting a sign of the object being defined:
1) according to its belonging to the place, territory;
2) by location or direction.
For example:
1. She often noticed in all the people from the city something childish and
smiled condescendingly (M. Gorky).
2. All the paths of the garden, which covered the slope opposite our houses, were to me
known (M. Yu. Lermontov).
A relatively rare group are
Dative case with prepositions. In this case, the most common definitions
Expressed dative case with a suggestion. They have the following meanings:
1. A sign that limits the defined subject in any respect:
He is my mother's brother.
2. A sign that characterizes the object being defined in spatial
relation:
Houses along the banks appeared less and less.
Inconsistent definitions expressed by nouns in
In the accusative case with prepositions in and on, they can indicate a sign by
Appearance (polka-dot dress), by measure or quantity (way in ten
Kilometers), by direction in space (door to the room), by destination
(outfit on rubble).
Inconsistent definitions expressed by nouns in
The instrumental case with prepositions make up a widespread
Group. The most common definitions with the preposition s. They stand for
“a sign of a defined object by the presence of an object of any external
Or internal characteristic feature, quality or property". Such
Inconsistent definitions often, in turn, carry
Agreed Definitions:
There was a girl with blue eyes.
Of the inconsistent definitions expressed by nouns in
Prepositional case, the most common are constructions with
The preposition in, definitions with the preposition on are less common. Data
Definitions may refer to:
1) a sign by the presence of an external feature in an object;
2) characteristics of the object in terms of space:
1. He recognized the girl in the straw hat
2. The conversation in the kitchen was getting louder.
Finally, inconsistent definitions expressed by names
Nouns in the prepositional case with the preposition o (about) reveal
The internal content of the subject:
The issue of inheritance was an important part of the document.
Inconsistent definitions can be expressed qualitatively
Comparative adjectives with suffixes -e, -her, -she.
Such definitions denote a qualitative feature of the object being defined.
As inherent in it to a greater or lesser extent compared to others
Items:
I don't know a better person than him.
But such inconsistent definitions are used in Russian
Relatively rare, which is due to the fact that they have been widely developed
Complex forms of degrees of comparison. They allow you to express the features of objects
With the help of an agreed definition.
Inconsistent definitions are expressed, in addition, qualitatively
Circumstantial and adverbial adverbs. Such definitions
Designate a sign of an object, characterizing it in relation to quality,
Directions or times, for example:
At the end of the letter was a signature in French.
She loved horseback riding.
A small group is formed by inconsistent definitions related to
To members of a sentence expressed by indefinite pronouns:
Someone in white was sitting on the shore.
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