The terms LTE and 4G have been around for a long time and are gradually becoming part of vocabulary modern man, and with the advent of a new generation of Android smartphones and the release of the iPhone 5, we just need to know more about this technology, just so that there is no confusion, and, well, for general development.
In this article, we will try to give the most simple answers to the most popular questions about LTE.
What is LTE?
Developed by the 3GPP Long Term Evolution consortium (translated literally, " long term development”), in the generally accepted abbreviated form - LTE - is a new standard for mobile networks with increased bandwidth and data transfer speed. LTE uses different frequencies, but operates on the basis of the GSM / HSPA networks used, in fact, being an improved version of them. The term 4G, or "wireless fourth generation" is used as a synonym for LTE, emphasizing the differences between this standard and 3G. According to preliminary forecasts, by 2016 the total number of mobile broadband subscribers may reach 5 billion people.
How is LTE (4G) different from 3G
First of all, you need to understand that 4G LTE is an evolutionary, not a revolutionary path of development, involving the use of the capabilities of the existing infrastructure. 3G networks will continue to fulfill the tasks of delivering broadband services to billions of users with no less efficiency for a long time to come. mobile devices. But 4G, nevertheless, confidently predicts the role of the generally accepted standard mobile communications in view of a number of obvious advantages of 4G LTE technology, the main of which are:
- higher performance and throughput;
- Simplicity—LTE supports flexible bandwidth options with carrier frequencies from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz, as well as frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD).
- latency - in LTE, there is a significantly lower delay in data transmission for user plane protocols in comparison with existing third-generation technologies (an advantage that is extremely important, for example, for serving multiplayer online games).
- a wide range of end devices — it is planned to equip not only smartphones and tablets, but also laptops with LTE modules, gaming consoles, camcorders and other portable and household devices.
LTE speed
The capabilities of LTE technology provide for data transfer rates up to 299.6 Mbps for download (download) and up to 75.4 Mbps for upload. However, in LTE, the speed in each case largely depends on both the user's location and the current network load. But LTE is developing: two years ago at MWC-2010, a possible peak bandwidth of up to 1.2 Gbit per second was demonstrated. However, in Singapore, for example, where the national LTE coverage is provided by the M1 operator, the average download speed in LTE does not exceed 75 Mbps. In the near future, the company is going to increase the speed to 150 Mbps by using frequencies that are this moment used to support the legacy 2G standard.
Why are LTE frequencies different in different countries?
Despite the fact that LTE is developing very actively all over the world, there is no single frequency range on which 4G operators operate in different countries peace. This is due to the fact that the radio frequency spectrum in many states is under the control of government structures, and the activities of operators are licensed. In different countries, certain frequencies are already in use by other services (like digital TV), so telcos have to use those that are currently available and wait to be able to access the new range, as is the case with Singapore's M1.
Most commonly used LTE frequencies
In Asian countries, this is 1800 MHz or 2600 MHz. It is on these frequencies that operators in Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea. In Japan and the USA - 700 MHz or 2100 MHz. In Europe - 1800 MHz or 2600 MHz.
In Russia, LTE licenses were obtained by Rostelecom (791-798.5 / 832-839.5 MHz, Band 20), MTS (798.5-806 / 839.5-847 MHz, Band 20), Megafon (806-813.5 / 847 -854.5 MHz, Band 20) and VimpelCom (" ") (813.5-821 / 854.5-862 MHz, Band 20), which will start providing 4G LTE services from July next year.
In Ukraine, LTE networks are just beginning to develop, and, according to experts, it will take at least a year and a half before the start of its full-fledged commercial operation. The reasons for this lag are problems with regulation and licensing, as well as insufficient capacity of the transport network.
Universal LTE-smartphone?
There is no such device yet, since manufacturers have not yet developed such a compact antenna that could provide signal reception and transmission at least at the most popular LTE frequencies at the same time. That's why they say that the iPhone 5 bought in the States may not work in Asian and European LTE networks. But it’s not worth getting especially upset, there always remains a universal one, available in all countries of the world. However, if we take into account the global trend towards the shift of telecom operators towards the LTE standard and the rate of release of previously occupied frequency bands, then in the future we can expect the emergence of a common frequency band in different countries and regions of the world. This means that the problem of developing a universal LTE smartphone can be somewhat simplified and its creation is only a matter of time. Let's hope this happens very soon.
4G LTE is expensive
Like the 3G standard in its time, the new 4G is also not yet democratic in tariff setting. Cheap 4G LTE is not offered yet, so users have to pay more for speed and performance. However, LTE becomes truly expensive if you do not pay attention to the amount of data downloaded or transmitted.
LTE smartphones on sale
In addition to the mentioned iPhone 5, which Apple will start selling on September 21 this year, several other smartphones can work with LTE networks: HTC One XL, samsung galaxy S II LTE, LG Optimus True HD LTE and the Galaxy Note LTE. The LG Optimus G and Galaxy S3 LTE are also expected to be on sale soon.
LTE technology news
In our country, the 4G LTE standard is still only a prospect, and not the closest. However, for those who often travel abroad, there are plenty of opportunities to experience the full benefits of LTE. The growing popularity of this communication standard is also evidenced by the fact that new iPhone 5 from Apple is released in three various options, each designed for certain range LTE frequencies. For example, the A1428 (GSM) iPhone 5 only supports LTE in the US and Canada and operates at 700MHz. Model A1429 (CDMA) is focused on the networks of the US operators Sprint and Verizon, as well as the Japanese KDDI.
And, finally, A1429 (GSM) iPhone 5 operates on 850 MHz, 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz frequencies and is the most versatile, since these frequencies are used for LTE communication in many countries of the world (except for the USA and Canada). The Apple support site states that the A1429 (GSM) is LTE compatible in Australia, Hong Kong, Germany, Korea, Japan, Singapore, and the UK. In other words, this means that if you live in Ukraine and often visit Europe, then when ordering an iPhone 5 from other countries, choose A1429 (GSM). Accordingly, those who visit the United States more often should buy A1428 (GSM) iPhone 5. Also, do not forget that such a regional distinction applies only to LTE-specific devices, in 3G networks each of them will work in any region of the planet.
Samsung may acquire Nokia Siemens Networks(August 3, 2012)
The South Korean corporation Samsung is studying the possibility of acquiring one of the largest manufacturers of universal equipment for communication networks NSN. According to independent analysts and experts, the amount of this deal could reach fifty-five billion dollars. An NSN spokesperson stated that the interest of Samsung's management relates to the bulk supply and global production of equipment for unique wireless networks mobile communications.
It should be remembered that today mobile companies There are not so many in the world capable of making this purchase, and in the international market for operator equipment, such an asset would be affordable only for Ericsson or Huawei corporations. However, in strategic policy Ericsson such a financial deal does not fit, and the second corporation already has a similar infrastructure. It should be mentioned that a Chinese corporation is being considered as a potential buyer of NSN. As for the South Korean manufacturer of mobile equipment, earlier Samsung produced branded stations for the WiMAX model, but this service lost the lead innovative technology LTE.
LTE, he is 4G LTE, is a promising technique for high-speed information transmission via GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA protocols in phones. It is known that LTE is a standard that is intended primarily to increase the speed of data exchange using mobile phones, PDA and other interactive devices with the ability to connect to cellular mobile communication terminals.
What it isLTE 4 Gon smartphones? As the "fourth generation data standard" on phones, LTE is a logical evolution of an older data standard, the third generation standard, also known as 3G.
The LTE standard is based on the concept of maintaining the maximum reduction in the cost of transmission, with a concomitant increase in speed and the possibility of future optional connection of various information services.
In other words, the creators of 4G LTE set themselves the goal of developing a more advanced and at the same time cheaper method of transmitting data to phones, which, in addition, would become the basis for subsequent improvements and innovations. And, I note, 4G LTE fully satisfied their ambitions. You can really understand what this LTE is only by using this technology on your gadgets for a while.
Characteristics of LTE technology
Thanks to an innovative technique digital modulation radio signal and optimization (existing at the time of development of 4G LTE) architecture of 3G networks, new thread was able to provide data transfer speeds up to 326.4 Mbps! And this despite the fact that the delay between sending packets was reduced from that that existed at that time 2.8 seconds to 5 milliseconds!
In addition, this 4G LTE technology allows radio communication in the widest frequency range from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz, and even supports frequency channel differentiation (FDD), which makes it possible to use this protocol for a variety of auxiliary options, such as IP telephony, voice exchange based on VoLTE technology and other "heavy" packet transfers.
It should also be noted that this LTE technology, due to the optimization of the architectural developments of the 3G network, allows you to connect even to a standard 5 MHz mobile cell up to two hundred active subscribers. Thanks to this feature, the 4G LTE standard made it possible not only to increase the existing characteristics of 3G networks, but also to directly reduce the cost of data exchange, since fewer pieces of equipment were now required to ensure radio exchange of the same number of devices.
The difference between 4G and 3G
In addition to the above key features, which are logical development developments in the 3G standard, 4G LTE also boasts unique features, in particular:
- Ability to interact with the E-ULTRA protocol;
- A conceptually new method for supporting the mobility of signal transmission, which allows radio communication with a terminal moving at speeds up to 350 km/h;
- Radio-switched packet data;
- Previously inaccessible ranges of the frequency spectrum.
How can I connect to the LTE network
It is worth noting that most modern devices supported LTE even before its widespread introduction, and this is no coincidence - the developers focused on the possibility of cooperation with old GSM / EDGE, UMTS and CDMA2000 client terminals (mobile phones, PDAs). We figured out what this LTE standard is, now we will learn how to use LTE on your phone.
However, to use all the advantages of this protocol “to the fullest”, you still need to have a device that supports the 4G standard, since otherwise the data transfer rate will be limited by the parameters of the client device, and not by the power of the cell tower.
Concerning software settings, no applications or utilities are required for pairing with the 4G LTE network - it is enough to register the standard operator authorization data for the terminal cellular communication. Simply put, if your phone accessed the Internet on the territory of the Russian Federation using the 3G protocol, then “having found” a 4G LTE cell, it will connect to it without any participation on your part, and you will only have to be content with high-speed mobile internet.
In contact with
Technology does not stand still, and this is especially noticeable in the segment of mobile devices and communications. New gadgets install more high standards and give rise to new needs and requirements, primarily in the quality of mobile communications and the speed of information transfer. One of the most interesting and promising areas today is the fourth generation of 4G communications, which in theory should provide higher quality voice communication and much faster internet speeds.
How is 4G different from previous generations of communication?
To understand the differences and advantages of the LTE standard and whether there is any point in a large-scale transition to 4G, you need to consider the key differences between this format and its predecessors, starting from the very first generation. Such was analog communication, which was actively used until the end of the 90s. Huge by today's standards, communications equipment in special cases-suitcases with a total weight of up to 5-7 kilograms - they worked on this standard.With the introduction of second-generation communications, the mobile device market has undergone a real revolution. Most ordinary users this standard known as GSM. There was an opportunity to connect to the Internet. The format remains popular and widely used today.
Third generation communication has qualitatively changed the idea of network speed on mobile devices. 3G includes several wireless technologies, the most popular of which are UMTS, EV-DO and CDMA2000. In theory, the maximum download speed should be 21 Mbps. In practice, these figures rarely even reach 5 Mbps. Watching online video, of course, is not very comfortable, but in most cases it is enough for ordinary surfing the Internet. Definitely faster than the same EDGE, and this, in the absence of an alternative, is very pleasing.
As for 4G, there is still no officially approved full-fledged network of this format in the world. In order for an authorized organization to officially “recognize” this protocol, it is necessary that it provide data transfer at incredible speeds compared to previous generations of communication: 100 Mbps for mobile electronics and 1 Gbps for stationary devices with the ability to access the Internet. The most promising technologies, which, with a competent approach, have every chance of being called a full-fledged 4G, are the WiMAX and LTE protocols.
Main features and characteristics of the LTE standard
The principle of LTE technology becomes well understood from the decoding of this abbreviation: “Long Term Evolution”. In a literary translation into Russian, this expression means "long-term development." Companies involved in the development of the standard take into account all the errors and failures of the transition from one communication format to another. As practice shows, main problem is to ensure the compatibility of new technologies with old equipment and, of course, the costs required for a full transition.
In theory, LTE cells will be able to provide maximum high-quality communication at a distance of up to 100 km. This is especially true for remote and sparsely populated areas. For comparison, the maximum for the most common communication format today is a distance of 30 km. That is, it will be much more profitable for mobile communication companies to install one 4G point than several 3G or GSM towers.
New format should provide a higher quality head connection. GSM and 3G networks transmit voice in the band up to 3.5 kHz, which is a rather modest indicator. Modern technologies will be able to transmit voice in full mode, i.e. from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. In practice, this should provide the most believable and realistic sound, as if the interlocutor is not talking on the phone, but is nearby.
At present, experts from various countries are active work As for the improvement and development of the communication format, specialists are gradually approaching the previously mentioned data transfer rates. At the moment, the maximum that has been achieved is 173 Mbps for downloading information from the network and 58 Mbps for uploading. In practice, these figures are often reduced to 10 or more times, but even in such conditions, the “inferior” 4G is confidently superior in speed to third-generation communications.
Currently, LTE networks are classified as fourth generation wireless communication(4G). The main advantages compared to the previous generation are high data transfer rates. This is an obvious plus for users. In turn, providers can use LTE technology to increase without installing new equipment.
The optimal coverage radius of an LTE base station is 5 km. If necessary, the specified range can be extended up to 100 km. Naturally, such a large coverage area is provided by installing the antenna at a sufficient height and does not imply its use in urban areas.
The world's first commercial LTE network was launched in Sweden in 2009. In Russia, the development of this standard has not yet received active support. This is due to the fact that in order to work with LTE networks, operators must have at their disposal frequencies of a certain range.
May 2012 Yota operator activated the LTE network in Moscow. Until that time, most services were provided using the WiMax channel. Active users of Yota got the opportunity to exchange "old" modems for equipment that works with the LTE channel in advance. It should be noted that before the launch of the LTE network in the capital, such channels were already operating in Novosibirsk and Krasnodar.
The slow integration of LTE technologies has a negative impact on the development of computer technology. This applies mainly to all kinds of tablet computers and communicators. A certain part of these devices supports the ability to connect to LTE networks.
The operation of LTE networks in Russia is ensured in such a way that when leaving the coverage area of the corresponding antennas, instantaneous switching to relatively old channels is carried out. Naturally, given function supported only by devices that can work with LTE, WiMax and GPRS channels.
Sources:
- how lte works
Mobile communication technologies are constantly evolving. To be able to provide competitive services to customers, cellular operators seek to use the latest developments in this field. Most promising direction today is the commissioning of 4G class networks.
The 4G class today includes mobile communication networks created on the basis of fourth generation technologies. They are characterized by a high speed of information exchange, as well as improved voice quality. Unlike 3G, networks of this class use only packet data transfer protocols (IPv4, IPv6). The exchange rate is more than 100 Mbps for mobile and more than 1 Gbps for fixed subscribers. Voice transmission in 4G networks is carried out via VoIP. Currently, there are two technologies that are recognized as meeting all the requirements of 4G class networks. These are LTE-Advanced and WiMAX (WirelessMANAdvanced).
The development of LTE technology, which is the prototype of LTE-Advanced, was started in 2000 by Hewlett-Packard and NTT DoCoMo. This direction was promising, since even third-generation networks were just beginning to gain popularity. The technology began to meet the requirements of 4G only by the tenth release. However, since this standard could be applied to already existing mobile networks, he began to use the support of mobile operators. The first network based on LTE-Advanced was officially launched in December 2009 in the cities of Stockholm and Oslo.
WiMAX technology is an evolution of the Wi-Fi wireless data transmission standard. It is being developed by the WiMAX Forum, established in 2001. A feature of WiMAX is the existence of various information exchange protocols for static and mobile subscribers. The first cellular communication network using WiMAX technology was opened in December 2005 in Canada.
Today, 4G networks are beginning to gain more and more popularity around the world. However, their implementation is associated with certain difficulties. One of them is that the high-frequency radio waves used in these networks penetrate extremely poorly through urban structures. Therefore (compared to 3G) much more base stations to ensure quality coverage.
27.10.2015
In the previous article, we already considered the third generation standards under the general name . However, 4G communication is spreading rapidly. About the main standard in 4G at the moment is LTE. Strictly speaking, LTE was not the first standard of the fourth generation, the first widespread was the WiMAX standard. Yota worked in it for the first time, and some operators still use WiMAX. The maximum speed of WiMAX is 40 Mbps, but the real figures are in the range from 10 to 20 Mbps.
But back to LTE. It is he who is now the most common in the world in general and in Russia in particular. But what is 4G LTE? LTE (from English) Long term evolution) is a wireless high-speed data transmission standard for mobile devices. It is based on the same GSM / UMTS protocols, however, theoretical and real speeds data transfer in LTE networks is much higher, sometimes even surpassing wired connections!
LTE FDD and LTE TDD: what's the difference?
There are two types of LTE standard, the differences between which are quite significant. FDD- Frequency Division Duplex (frequency separation of the incoming and outgoing channel)
TDD- Time Division Duplex (time separation of the incoming and outgoing channel). Roughly speaking, FDD is parallel LTE and TDD is serial LTE. For example, with a channel width of 20 MHz in FDD LTE, part of the range (15 MHz) is given for downloading (download), and part (5 MHz) for uploading (upload). Thus, the channels do not overlap in frequency, which allows you to work simultaneously and stably for downloading and uploading data. In TDD LTE, the same 20 MHz channel is completely given up for both downloading and uploading, and data is transmitted in both directions in turn, while downloading still has priority. In general, FDD LTE is preferable because it works faster and more stable.
LTE frequencies
LTE networks (FDD and TDD) operate on different frequencies in different countries. In many countries, several frequency bands are operated at once. It should be noted that not all equipment can work on different "bands", i.e. frequency ranges. FDD bands are numbered 1 to 31, TDD bands 33 to 44. There are a few additional standards that have not yet been assigned numbers. Specifications for frequency bands are called bands (BAND). In Russia and Europe, band 7, band 20, band 3 and band 38 are mainly used.
| FDD LTE bands and frequencies | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| LTE band number | Upload frequency range (MHz) | Download Frequency Band (MHz) | Bandwidth (MHz) |
| band 1 | 1920 - 1980 | 2110 - 2170 | 2x60 |
| band 2 | 1850 - 1910 | 1930 - 1990 | 2x60 |
| band 3 | 1710 - 1785 | 1805 -1880 | 2x75 |
| band 4 | 1710 - 1755 | 2110 - 2155 | 2x45 |
| band 5 | 824 - 849 | 869 - 894 | 2x25 |
| band 6 | 830 - 840 | 875 - 885 | 2x10 |
| band 7 | 2500 - 2570 | 2620 - 2690 | 2x70 |
| band 8 | 880 - 915 | 925 - 960 | 2x35 |
| band 9 | 1749.9 - 1784.9 | 1844.9 - 1879.9 | 2x35 |
| band 10 | 1710 - 1770 | 2110 - 2170 | 2x60 |
| band 11 | 1427.9 - 1452.9 | 1475.9 - 1500.9 | 2x20 |
| band 12 | 698 - 716 | 728 - 746 | 2x18 |
| band 13 | 777 - 787 | 746 - 756 | 2x10 |
| band 14 | 788 - 798 | 758 - 768 | 2x10 |
| band 15 | 1900 - 1920 | 2600 - 2620 | 2x20 |
| band 16 | 2010 - 2025 | 2585 - 2600 | 2x15 |
| band 17 | 704 - 716 | 734 - 746 | 2x12 |
| band 18 | 815 - 830 | 860 - 875 | 2x15 |
| band 19 | 830 - 845 | 875 - 890 | 2x15 |
| band 20 | 832 - 862 | 791 - 821 | 2x30 |
| band 21 | 1447.9 - 1462.9 | 1495.5 - 1510.9 | 2x15 |
| band 22 | 3410 - 3500 | 3510 - 3600 | 2x90 |
| band 23 | 2000 - 2020 | 2180 - 2200 | 2x20 |
| band 24 | 1625.5 - 1660.5 | 1525 - 1559 | 2x34 |
| band 25 | 1850 - 1915 | 1930 - 1995 | 2x65 |
| band 26 | 814 - 849 | 859 - 894 | 2x35 |
| band 27 | 807 - 824 | 852 - 869 | 2x17 |
| band 28 | 703 - 748 | 758 - 803 | 2x45 |
| band 29 | n/a | 717 - 728 | 11 |
| band 30 | 2305 - 2315 | 2350 - 2360 | 2x10 |
| band 31 | 452.5 - 457.5 | 462.5 - 467.5 | 2x5 |
| TDD LTE bands and frequencies | ||
|---|---|---|
| LTE band number | Frequency range (MHz) | Bandwidth (MHz) |
| band 33 | 1900 - 1920 | 20 |
| band 34 | 2010 - 2025 | 15 |
| band 35 | 1850 - 1910 | 60 |
| band 36 | 1930 - 1990 | 60 |
| band 37 | 1910 - 1930 | 20 |
| band 38 | 2570 - 2620 | 50 |
| band 39 | 1880 - 1920 | 40 |
| band 40 | 2300 - 2400 | 100 |
| band 41 | 2496 - 2690 | 194 |
| band 42 | 3400 - 3600 | 200 |
| band 43 | 3600 - 3800 | 200 |
| band 44 | 703 - 803 | 100 |
Here is a list of frequency bands of 4G LTE networks in Russia of the Big Five operators. There are also regional 4G LTE networks of local operators operating in other frequency bands, but their consideration is not necessary within the framework of this article.
| 4G LTE networks in Russia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operator | Frequency range /↓ (MHz) | Channel Width (MHz) | duplex type | Band number |
| Yota | 2500-2530 / 2620-2650 | 2x30 | FDD | band 7 |
| Megaphone | 2530-2540 / 2650-2660 | 2x10 | FDD | band 7 |
| Megaphone | 2575-2595 | 20 | TDD | band 38 |
| MTS | 2540-2550 / 2660-2670 | 2x10 | FDD | band 7 |
| MTS | 2595-2615 | 20 | TDD | band 38 |
| Beeline | 2550-2560 / 2670-2680 | 2x10 | FDD | band 7 |
| Tele 2 | 2560-2570 / 2680-2690 | 2x10 | FDD | band 7 |
| MTS | 1710-1785 / 1805-1880 | 2x75 | FDD | band 3 |
| Tele 2 | 832-839.5 / 791-798.5 | 2x7.5 | FDD | band 20 |
| MTS | 839.5-847 / 798.5-806 | 2x7.5 | FDD | band 20 |
| Megaphone | 847-854.5 / 806-813.5 | 2x7.5 | FDD | band 20 |
| Beeline | 854.5-862 / 813.5-821 | 2x7.5 | FDD | band 20 |
The most important criterion, which is of particular interest to subscribers, i.е. users of 4G LTE networks, is the data rate. And the speed primarily depends on the width of the frequency range of a particular operator, as well as the type of duplex used in the network. For example, for a 10 MHz channel, the 4G LTE speed will be 75 Mbps. It is with this nominal speed that the LTE FDD (band 7) networks of Tele2, MTS and operators operate. But what about Megafon? And Megafon can afford more. Because a few years ago there was a merger, or rather, the absorption of Yota by Megafon, but now Megafon also has licenses for Yota frequencies, respectively, the maximum channel width can reach 40 MHz in the 2600 MHz frequency range (band 7), which in theory gives as much as 300 Mbps! But basically, the Megafon 4G network operates in a 15-20 MHz channel, which gives a download speed of 100-150 Mbps. After all, for Iota, something must be left.
LTE-Advanced or 4G+
The next stage in the development of 4G LTE networks is the LTE-A (LTE-Advanced) standard. Some operators call this technology 4G+ for marketing purposes, but this is fundamentally incorrect. Those. in fact, LTE-Advanced is the real 4G. Data rates in the LTE-A network are significantly higher than conventional LTE. The main feature of LTE-Advanced is the aggregation of frequency bands. A subscriber device with LTE-A support summarizes data transmission channels in different frequency bands available to the operator. For example, combining several frequency bands in the 2600 MHz band, it receives a 40 MHz channel, which gives a speed in the LTE-Advanced network of 300 Mbps. But this is far from the limit. If we add another 20 MHz here from the 1800 MHz band, we get a 60 MHz channel (band 7 + band 3), and this is already 450 Mbps! In other matters, these are theoretical or bench speeds. In reality, of course, they are much less, but nevertheless, LTE-Advanced wireless technology is quite close to wired speeds.
It should be noted that all operators can aggregate different channels in different frequency ranges if they have the appropriate licenses and network infrastructure. The main task is the extension of the frequency range. The wider it is, the higher the maximum speed, i.e. network bandwidth. But of course, there must be subscriber equipment that supports LTE-Advanced.
4G LTE prospects
Despite the fact that the 4G LTE standard appeared several years ago, many regions of our country still do not even have 3G networks. So there is still room to grow. The world is already testing networks of the 5th generation (5G), but in real conditions 4G LTE networks will dominate for a long time, since operators are actively developing them.
In many cases, 4G Internet is not only an alternative to a wired connection, but also the only option without an alternative, including economically viable. Remote objects, the laying of a wire to which is associated with certain difficulties or risks, and sometimes even impossible, also need to be connected. It is often possible to connect 4G Internet even where there is no coverage of LTE networks. For this, special , which catch and amplify the 4G LTE signal. To choose the right antenna, you need to know which operator's network you need to catch, at what frequency it operates, and also in what duplex mode (FDD or TDD). Our determine the type of signal, measure its parameters, select the appropriate equipment to ensure fast and stable access to the Internet via the 4G LTE network.
