Phonetic analysis of a word is increasingly causing difficulties, although similar tasks have already been performed in primary school. The essence of the analysis is hear and put on paper sound of the word. For most children, the task is difficult and incomprehensible. Let's try to help the guys analyze the word, answer the basic question of how many sounds there are in a word.
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Features of phonetics
The science of language has its own classification. One of its sections is phonetics. She learns sound composition of the language. The sound relationship in human speech is interesting:
- you can pronounce several hundred sounds;
- used to convey more than 50 thoughts;
- There are only 33 images of sounds in written speech.
To understand phonetics, you should highlight sounds and letters, distinguish them clearly.
- letters are a symbolic image of what is heard, they are written and seen;
- sounds are a pronounced unit of speech, they are pronounced and heard.
The spelling and pronunciation of one word often do not coincide. Signs (letters) can be less or more than sounds. An option is possible when one sound is pronounced, and the letter image of another is recorded on the letter. Such inconsistencies are explained by spelling and spelling rules. Phonetics reserves only pronunciation norms. What concepts are found in the “Phonetics” section:
- sound;
- syllable;
Each concept has its own characteristics and number of terms. This is how a whole science is created. What's happened phonetic analysis words? This characteristics of its sound composition of a word.
Phonetics - scheme
Principles and rules
The main difficulties that arise during phonetic analysis are the frequent discrepancy between a letter and its pronunciation. It is difficult to perceive a word not as written, but as heard. The principle of phonetic analysis – focusing on correct pronunciation. Some tips for conducting sound analysis words:
- Determine the sound features.
- Write down the transcription of each letter.
- Do not adjust sounds to letters, for example, zhi or shi sound [zhy], [shy].
- Make adjustments, clearly pronouncing each minimal unit of speech.
Phonetic analysis of a word is performed in a certain sequence. Some of the data will have to be memorized, other information can be prepared in the form of a reminder. Specific areas of phonetics need to be understood. Phonetic processes that are considered basic in school education:
- Stunning and voicing. The positions at which consonants become voiceless are the end of the word. Oak [dup].
- Softening of consonants in position before soft ones. More often they become soft: z, s, d, t, n. Here - [z'd'es'].
- Stunning of voiced consonants before voiceless ones. Teeth - [zupk’i].
- Voicing of deaf people before voiced ones. To do - [zd'elat'], mowing - [kaz'ba].
In higher educational institutions There are more phonetic processes studied by philology students:
- accommodation,
- dissimilation,
- reduction.
Such processes provide a deeper understanding of phonetics and transformation speech norms . They help future teachers see where children might go wrong and how to explain complex topics.
Phonetic analysis of a word - an example.
Characteristics of vowels and consonants
When dividing a word into sounds, the science of language recognizes the distribution into two large groups:
- consonants;
- vowels.
The main difference is in anatomical formation. Vowels - pronounced in a voice without obstacles with the participation of larynx and oral organs. The air leaves the lungs without interference. Consonants encounter obstacles during formation. These can be different organs or a combination of them: tongue, lips, teeth.
Vowels
There are only 6 of them in the language: a, o, u, y, e, i, and to convey them in writing you will need 10 alphabetic characters. Available in semivowel. IN school course she is considered agreeable - this is "th". It helps to hear letters i, ё, e, yu. In this case, two sounds will be heard:
- ya – I;
- ye – e;
- yu – yu;
- yo – yo.
Bifurcation appears under certain conditions:
- At the beginning of the words: Yura, Yasha, Elena.
- After vowels: quiet, blue, blue.
- After hard and soft signs: blizzard, exit.
In other positions, after consonants, they soften, but do not create double sound.
Vowels can be divided into two groups.
- Indicate the previous hard consonant: a, o, u, s, e.
- They warn that there is a soft consonant ahead: i, e, e, i, e.
The main characteristic that is required to parse a word by sounds at school concerns stress. Vowels can be of 2 types: percussive and unaccented.
Phonetic structure, how many sounds in a word becomes clear only after analysis and presentation of it in the form of a diagram.
Speech sounds
Consonants
In russian language only twenty consonants. They can be divided according to the characteristics that will be required for analysis:
Paired by voicedness and deafness have the same articulation, which is why they can replace each other during pronunciation. Voiced in certain positions becomes deaf.
Attention! To memorize paired words, schoolchildren can be asked to memorize the first consonants of the alphabet.
Word model
For figurative perception and understanding of the structure of a speech unit, it has been developed sound model of a word. What is this parsing of words? In simple words- drawing up a diagram in the form of colored cards different forms: square and rectangle. Color differentiation:
- hard consonants - blue square;
- soft consonants - green square;
- vowels – red square;
- a syllable where a hard consonant with a vowel is a rectangle divided diagonally, blue and red (two triangles);
- a syllable with a soft consonant and a vowel is a rectangle divided into two parts diagonally, green and red.
The sound model of a word is colored cards laid out in a certain sequence. The model is used in preschool institutions And primary school. She helps children learn to read. With the correct explanation, the teacher creates conditions for the merging of speech units into a single whole. Training is based on pictures simple and easy. In addition, the model of parsing words into sounds and letters is a way to hear the difference in the pronunciation of consonants and vowels.
Table of sound-letter parsing of words.
Analysis algorithm
Let's consider how the sound analysis of a word is carried out. The word is analyzed in writing. The process can be compared to the transcription we are used to when studying foreign languages. Analysis order:
- Recording the orthographic spelling of the concept being analyzed.
- Division into syllabic parts, into possible division into syllables (hyphenations).
- Setting the accent, finding its correct place.
- Distribution in order of their sound.
- Characteristic.
- Counting the number of letters and sounds.
To simplify the task, the word written in a column by separate letters, then next to each letter is decomposed into sounds with a description of their characteristics.
Example. Phonetic analysis of the word “everything”
Everything - 1 syllable
v- [f] - acc. hard, dull and steamy;
s - [s’] – acc., soft, deaf and paired;
ё - [o] – vowel and stressed.
Phonetic analysis of the word yula.
Phonetic analysis of the word “laser”, example
La-zer – 2 syllables
l - [l] - acc., hard, voiced and unpaired;
a - [a] – vowel and stressed;
z - [z’] – acc., soft, sonorous and paired;
e - [e] – vowel and unstressed;
p - [p] – agree, hard, voiced and unpaired.
All stages of analysis develop phonemic awareness. It is needed not only by future musicians.
Hearing helps with learning oratory , mastering Russian spelling, it is actively used by polyglots.
Syllabication
The sound pattern of a word begins by dividing it into syllables. The smallest unit of oral speech is the syllable. A clue for the child is the number of vowels: how many there are, so many syllables. In the Russian language, syllabic division into significant parts is subject to certain requirements. Phonetics rules don't always match with dividing words into parts for hyphenation.
Types of syllables:
- open - end with a vowel;
- closed - on a consonant;
- covered - uncovered, which begin with a consonant.
Parsing a word into syllables is constructed according to the following rules:
- A syllable must contain a vowel; one consonant (even a significant part, for example, a prefix) cannot be a syllable: s-de-la-t - wrong, make - la-t - correctly.
- A syllable often begins with a consonant; if it is followed by a vowel, it cannot remain a separate part: ko-ro-va - correct, kor-ova - incorrect.
- The signs, hard and soft, are included in the previous one: horse - ki, rise - ride.
- Letters that form a single sound are not divided into parts: by - zhe [zhe], learn [tsa].
IN attention! The order of analysis changes over time.
Parents often find that they were taught differently. New rules also appeared in syllabic division.
- Previously, doubled consonants in the middle of a word were distributed according to different parts. Now they are introduced into the syllable they begin: kla - ssny, ka - ssa, ma-ssa.
- Voiceless consonants go to the next syllable, voiced consonants go to the previous one: bun, then - chka.
Phonetic analysis of words
Russian lessons. Sounds and letters
Conclusion
Now you know how a sound analysis of a word is done and a diagram is created that conveys its sound in live speech. Parsing words helps develop phonetic hearing, strengthens memory, clarifies some spelling rules. Knowing the parsing algorithm will allow you to do everything quickly and competently.
In progress schooling students get acquainted with the Russian language different types analysis. This includes a lexical analysis of a word and an analysis of its composition and methods of formation. Children learn to parse a sentence into members, identify its syntactic and punctuation features. And also perform many other language operations.
Rationale for the topic
After repeating the material covered in elementary school, 5th grade students begin the first major section of linguistics - phonetics. The completion of its study is the analysis of the word by sounds. Why does a serious and deep acquaintance with phonetics begin with phonetics? in native speech? The answer is simple. The text consists of sentences, sentences - of words, and words - of sounds, which are the building blocks building material, the fundamental basis of the language, and not only Russian, but any. That is why parsing a word by sounds is the beginning of the formation of practical skills and abilities of schoolchildren in linguistic work.
The concept of phonetic analysis
What exactly does it include, and what do schoolchildren need to know in order to successfully cope with phonetic tasks? Firstly, it is good to be familiar with syllabic division. Secondly, parsing a word by sounds cannot be done without a clear distinction between vowel and consonant phonemes, paired and unpaired, weak and strong positions. Thirdly, if it (the word) includes iotized, soft or hard elements, doubled letters, the student must also be able to figure out which letter is used to indicate a particular sound in the letter. And even such complex processes as accommodation or assimilation (similarity) and dissimilation (dissimilarity) should also be well studied by them (although these terms are not mentioned in textbooks, nevertheless, children become familiar with these concepts). Naturally, parsing a word into sounds cannot be done if the child does not know how to transcribe, does not know elementary rules transcriptions. Therefore, the teacher must approach teaching the “Phonics” section seriously and responsibly.
What is a scheme for parsing a word by sounds? What stages does it include? Let's look at this in detail. To begin with, the lexeme is written out from the text, a “dash” sign is placed, after which it is written again, only this time divided into syllables. Emphasis is placed. Then square brackets are opened, and the student must transcribe the word - write it down as it is heard, i.e., identify its sound shell, indicate the softness of phonemes, if any, etc. Next, under the transcription option, you need to skip the line, swipe down vertical line. Before it, all the letters of the word are written in a column, after - in square brackets sounds and gives them full characteristics. At the end of the analysis, a small horizontal line is drawn and, as a summary, the number of letters and sounds in the word is noted.
Example one
How does all this look in practice, i.e. in a school notebook? Let's first make a trial analysis of the word by sounds. Examples of analysis will make it possible to understand many nuances. We write down: bedspread. We divide it into syllables: po-kry-va´-lo. We transcribe: [veils].
Let's analyze:
p - [p] is a consonant sound, it is deaf, paired, para - [b], hard;
o - [a] is a vowel sound, unstressed;
k - [k] - consonant sound, it is dull, parn., [para - g], hard;
p - [p] - a consonant sound, sonorant, therefore unpaired in voicing, hard;
ы - [ы] is a vowel, unstressed in this position;
in - [v] - this sound according to, is voiced, its pair is [f], hard;
a - [a´] - vowel sound, in a stressed position;
l - [l] - this is a concordant sound, it belongs to the sonorant ones, therefore unpaired, hard;
o - [a] - consonant, unstressed.
Total: 9 letters in a word and 9 sounds; their number is completely the same.
Example two
Let's see how to parse the word "friends" by sounds. We act according to the already outlined scheme. We divide it into syllables, put the emphasis: friends´. Now we write it down in transcribed form: [druz "y"a´]. And we analyze:
d - [d] - consonant, it is voiced and is paired, para - [t], hard;
p - [p] - consonant, voiced, sonorant, unpaired, hard;
y - [y] - vowel, unstressed;
z - [z"] - according to, is voiced, has a voiceless pair - [s], soft and also paired: [z];
ь - does not indicate sound;
i - [th"] - semivowel, always voiced, therefore unpaired, always soft;
[a´] - vowel, stressed.
This word has 6 letters and 6 sounds. Their number is the same, since b does not indicate a sound, and the letter I after a soft sign indicates two sounds.
Example three We show how to parse the word “language” by sounds. The algorithm is familiar to you. Write it down and divide it into syllables: I-language. Transcribe: [th "izik". Parse phonetically:
i - [th"] - semivowel, voiced, always unpaired, only soft;
[a] - this sound is vowel and unstressed;
z - [z] - acc., voiced, paired, para - [s], hard;
ы - [ы´] - vowel, stressed;
k - [k] - consonant, deaf, paired, [g], hard.
The word consists of 4 letters and 5 sounds.
Their number does not coincide because the letter I is at the absolute beginning and denotes 2 sounds. Example four Let's see what parsing the word "squirrel" looks like by sounds. After he is discharged, make the syllable division: squirrel. Now transcribe: [b"e´lka]. And perform a letter-sound analysis:
b - [b"] - acc., voiced, paired, [p], soft;
e - [e´] - vowel, stressed;
l - [l] - consonant, sonorant, unpar., v in this case solid;
k - [k] - acc., deaf., paired, [g], solid;
a - [a] - vowel, unstressed.
In this word the same number letters and sounds - 5 each. As you can see, phonetically analyzing this word is quite simple. It is only important to pay attention to the nuances of its pronunciation.
Example five
Now let's analyze the word "fir" by sounds. Fifth graders should find this interesting. It will help to repeat and consolidate the phonetic features of iotated vowels. The word consists of one syllable, which is also unusual for students. It is transcribed like this: [е´л"]. Now let’s analyze:
e - [th"] - semivowel, voiced, unpaired, soft;
[e´] - vowel, stressed;
l - [l´] - consonant, sonorant, therefore unpaired, in this word soft;
ь - does not indicate sound.
Thus, the word “fir” has 3 letters and 3 sounds. The letter E denotes 2 sounds, because it is at the beginning of the word, and the soft sign does not denote sounds.
Drawing conclusions
We have given examples of phonetic analysis of words consisting of different quantities syllables and sounds. A teacher, explaining a topic, teaching his students, should try to fill them with lexicon appropriate terminology. Speaking about the sounds “N”, “R”, “L”, “M”, we should call them sonorant, simultaneously pointing out that they are always voiced and therefore do not have a pair for deafness. [Y] is not sonorant, but also only voiced, and in this parameter it is adjacent to the previous 4. Moreover, it was previously believed that this sound belongs to consonants, but it is fair to call it a semivowel, because it is very close to the sound [and]. What's the best way to remember them? Write down the sentence with the children: “We didn’t see our friend.” It includes all sonorants. 
Special cases of parsing
In order to correctly determine the phonetic structure of a word, it is important to be able to listen to it. For example, the word form for “horses” will look like this in transcription: [lashyd “e´y”], “rain” - [do´sch". It is quite difficult for fifth-graders to deal with such and similar cases on their own. Therefore, the teacher should try in the lessons analyze interesting examples and draw students' attention to some linguistic subtleties. This also applies to words such as “holiday”, “yeast”, i.e., containing double or unpronounceable consonants. In practice, it looks like this: holiday, [pra´z"n"ik]; tremors, [tremors]. A line should be drawn above the “zh” indicating the duration of the sound. The role of the letter I is also non-standard. Here it denotes the sound Y.
About the role of transcription 
Why does a word need to be transcribed? Phonetic analysis helps to see the graphic appearance of the lexeme. That is, to clearly show how the word looks in its sound shell. What is the general purpose of such an analysis? It consists not only of comparison linguistic units(letters and sounds, their number). Phonetic analysis makes it possible to trace in what positions the same letter represents different sounds. Thus, it is traditionally believed that in the Russian language the vowel “ё” is always in a strong stressed position. However, this rule does not work in words of foreign origin. The same applies to complex lexemes consisting of two or more roots. For example, the adjective tricore. Its transcription is as follows: [tr"iokh"a´d"irny"]. As you can see, the shock sound here is [a].
On the issue of syllabification
Syllable division is also a rather difficult question for fifth graders. Usually the teacher guides children to the following rule: the number of vowels in a word, the number of syllables. Re-ka: 2 syllables; po-soul: 3 syllables. These are the so-called simple cases when vowels are surrounded by consonants. The situation is somewhat more complicated for children. For example, in the word “blue” there is a confluence of vowels. Schoolchildren find it difficult to divide such options into syllables. You should explain to them that the rule remains the same here: si-nya-ya (3 syllables).
These are the features observed during phonetic analysis.
Also in early childhood When a child is just learning to read, he is faced with a problem when words are pronounced differently from how they are written. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct a sound analysis with it. Why it is studied throughout the school curriculum will be discussed in our article.
Phonetics
Our speech is divided into two large type: oral and written. The first, naturally, appeared long before the second. After all, initially people learned to exchange information using gestures and simple sounds. Then this gradually grew into words that formed one language or another. But soon there was a need to record everything that was said. This is how it arose
In this article we will talk about the features of oral communication. This part of the language is studied by a complex science - phonetics. It deals with the sounds that make up our speech. Each of them has its own characteristics and individual characteristics. Their study is included in sound analysis.
Vowels
One of the most important parts of our oral speech is the presence of vowels. They are so named based on their main function - to transmit long-lasting sound with their voice. There are six of them in Russian: A, O, U, Y, I, E.
It must be remembered that the number of letters does not always coincide with the number of sounds. For example, the word “south” has 2 letters, but at the same time 3 sounds: “yuk”. A letter-sound analysis of a word should show what is different from the way we write.
Vowels make up syllables in words. It is by their number that they determine how many parts the word is divided into:
- stick- there are 2 syllables because it has two vowels;
- som - 1 syllable, since there is one vowel.
In addition, you need to know the features of letters such as e, ё, yu, ya. They, unlike all the others, can form two sounds - a vowel in combination with Y:
- Yo (y+o);
- E (y+e);
- Yu (y+y);
- I (y+a).
This phenomenon is observed in cases where the listed sounds are used:
- after soft or hard signs ( pours, zealous);
- after a vowel ( big, belt);
- at the beginning of a word ( Yula, El).
Very often, when performing sound analysis (given below), children make mistakes precisely in parsing these vowels.
All the other characteristics that vowels have are quite simple. Especially those that are being studied school curriculum. Only two signs are considered: stress or unstress.
Consonants
Before performing a sound analysis, you need to know the features and consonants. There are many more of them than vowels. The Russian language has thirty-seven of them.
Consonants have different characteristics:
- Softness or hardness. Some sounds can be pronounced without softening: sea (m- solid). Others are the opposite: measure (m- soft).
- Voicedness or deafness. When a sound is pronounced with vibration and voice, it is called voiced. You can put your palm on your larynx and feel it. If vibration is not felt, then it is deaf.
- Pairing. Some consonants have their opposite. Usually in terms of sonority and deafness. For example: V(sound) - f(deaf) h(sound) - With(deaf).
- Some consonants are pronounced as if “in the nose”. They received the corresponding characteristic - nasal.
How to perform
Now you can create an algorithm that performs sound analysis of a word. The scheme is simple:
- First, we divide the word into syllables.
- Next, we write the letters that make it up in a column.
- Now for each we select the appropriate sound.
- We characterize each of them according to the characteristics described above.
- We count the number of sounds and letters.
- If their numbers do not match, we explain why this phenomenon occurred.
Let's give an example. Let's take the word "ceiling":
- This word has three syllables: ceiling(3 vowels, therefore the corresponding number of syllables).
- The letter P has a sound<П>. It is consonant, pronounced without vibration at the larynx, and therefore dull. It is also hard and has a couple<Б>.
- The letter O has a sound<А>. It is vowel and has no accent.
- The letter T has a sound<Т>. It is a consonant and is pronounced unvoiced. It is not softened and therefore hard. In addition, it has a pair of sonorities<Д>.
- The letter O has a sound<А>. It is vowel and unstressed.
- The letter L stands for sound<Л>. It is consonant, has no softening - hard. Pronounced with vibration at the larynx - sonorous. This sound has no pair.
- The letter O has a sound<О>. It is a vowel and, in this case, stressed.
- The letter K stands for sound<К>. Consonant, pronounced like a voiceless consonant, has a voicing pair<Г>, solid.
- To summarize: this word has 7 letters and 7 sounds. The number is the same, no linguistic phenomena are observed.
Sound word analysis for preschoolers is much simplified.
Children need to learn that the pronunciation of a word and its spelling are very often different. When learning reading and writing skills, children gain their first understanding of the difference between oral and in writing. Thus, it is enough for the teacher to explain that some letters, like soft and solid sign and have no sounds at all. But there are no words starting with the letter Y in the Russian language.
Letter-sound analysis of the word “blizzard”
We already know how diverse the Russian language is. The sound analysis in the previous example is quite simple. You just need to correctly characterize each sound. But there are those in which a problematic situation arises. For example, the word “blizzard”. Let's execute it:
- Snowstorm- two vowels, which means 2 syllables ( snowstorm).
- The letter B has a sound<В’>. It is consonant, softened by “b”, paired - unvoiced<Ф’>, sonorous.
- The letter b has no sound. Its purpose is to demonstrate the softness of the previous sound.
- The letter Yu has two sounds<Й>And<У>, since it comes after b. Both need to be described. So,<Й>- this is a consonant that is always soft and voiced; it has no pair.<У>- vowel, has an accent.
- The letter G is a consonant and denotes a hard sound. Has a deaf pair<К>and is voiced.
- Letter<А>has the same sound<А>. It is vowel and unstressed.
- Let's summarize the analysis: 5 letters and 5 sounds. We observe a phenomenon called “iotated vowel”. In this case, the letter Yu, under the influence of b, split into two sounds.
Conclusion
Sound analysis is not difficult to perform if you know all the characteristics. You need to say the word out loud. This will help you record all sounds correctly. Afterwards, characterize them and summarize the phonetic analysis. And then success in this matter is guaranteed to you!
As soon as parents begin to think about how to teach their child reading skills, in addition to letters and syllables, the concept of “sound analysis of a word” appears. However, not everyone understands why it is necessary to teach a child who cannot read how to do it, because this can only cause confusion. But, as it turns out, the ability to write correctly in the future depends on the ability to correctly understand words into sounds.
Sound analysis of a word: what is it
First of all, it is worth giving a definition. So, sound analysis of a word is the definition of the order in which sounds are placed in specific word and characteristics of their features.
Why do children need to learn to perform sound analysis of a word? For development phonemic hearing, that is, the ability to clearly distinguish sounds and not confuse words, for example: Tima - Dima. After all, if a child is not taught to clearly distinguish words by ear, he will not be able to write them down correctly. A this skill can be useful not only when studying the grammar of your native language, but also when studying the languages of other countries.
The order of parsing words by sounds
When performing a sound analysis of any word, you must first place the stress and then divide it into syllables. Then find out how many letters are in the word and how many sounds. The next step is to analyze each sound step by step. After this, it is calculated how many vowels and how many consonants are in the analyzed word. At first, it is better for children to be given simple one-syllable or two-syllable words for analysis, for example their names: Vanya, Katya, Anya and others.
When the child has gradually figured out how to correctly analyze simple examples, it is worth complicating the analyzed word examples.
Sound analysis of a word: diagram
When working with very young children, special colored cards are used to better assimilate information.
With their help, children learn to create a sound analysis scheme.
The scarlet card is used to represent vowel sounds. Blue - hard consonants, green - soft. To indicate syllables, use two-color cards in the same color scheme. With their help, you can teach your child to characterize sounds and whole syllables. You also need a card to indicate stress and a card to show the division of the word into syllables. All these symbols, which help teach a child to make a sound analysis of a word (the diagram plays an important role in this), are approved by the official school curriculum Russia.
Vowel sounds and their brief characteristics. Diphthongs
Before you start analyzing a word, it is important to know what features all phonetic sounds (vowels/consonants) have. When teaching children early stages it is necessary to provide information only about the most simple properties, the child will study everything else in high school.
Vowel sounds (there are six of them: [o], [a], [e], [s], [u], [i]) can be stressed/unstressed.
Also in Russian there are letters that in a certain position can produce a pair of sounds - ё [yo], yu [yu], ya [ya], e [ye].
If they follow consonants, they sound like one sound and add softness to the preceding sound. In other positions (the beginning of a word, after vowels and “ъ” and “ь”) they sound like 2 sounds.
Brief characteristics of consonants
There are thirty-six consonant sounds in our language, but they are represented graphically by only twenty-one characters. Consonants are hard and soft, as well as voiced and voiceless. They also may/may not form pairs.
The table below lists voiced and unvoiced sounds that can form pairs, and those that do not have this ability.
It is worth remembering: the consonant sounds [th`], [ch`], [sh`] are soft in any position, and the consonants [zh], [ts], [sh] are always hard. The sounds [ts], [x], [ch`], [sch`] are absolutely always unvoiced, [m], [n], [l], [р], [й`] are (sonorous) or voiced .
Soft and hard signs do not produce sounds. Soft sign makes the previous consonant soft, and the hard sign plays the role of a sound separator (for example, in Ukrainian the apostrophe plays a similar role).
Examples of sound analysis of words: “language” and “group”
Having understood the theory, it is worth trying to practice.
For example, you can conduct a sound analysis of the word “language”. This word Quite simple, and even a beginner can take it apart.
1) B in this example two syllables "ya-zyk". 2nd syllable is stressed
2) The first syllable is formed using the diphthong “ya”, which is at the beginning of the word, and therefore consists of 2 sounds [y`a]. The sound [й`] is a consonant (ag.), soft (soft.) (green card), the second sound [a] is a vowel, unstressed (scarlet card). To indicate this syllable in the diagram, you can also take a two-color green-red card.
4) Syllable 2 “tongue”. It consists of three sounds [z], [s], [k]. Consonant [z] - hard, voiced (blue card). Sound [s] - vowel, shock (red card). Sound [k] - agree, hard, deaf. (blue card).
5) The emphasis is placed and checked by changing the word being analyzed.
6) So in the word “language” there are two syllables, four letters and five sounds.
One point is worth considering: in this example, the word “language” was understood as if it were for first-grade students who do not yet know that some vowels in an unstressed position can produce other sounds. In high school, when students deepen their knowledge of phonetics, they will learn that in the word “language” the unstressed [a] is pronounced like [i] - [yizyk].
Sound analysis of the word "group".
1) In the analyzed example there are 2 syllables: “group”. 1st syllable is stressed.
2) The syllable “gru” is made up of three sounds [gru]. The first [g] - agree, firm, ringing. (blue card). Sound [r] - agree, hard, ringing. (blue card). Sound [y] - vowel, shock. (scarlet card).
3) A card is placed in the diagram indicating the division of syllables.
4) The second syllable “ppa” has three letters, but they produce only 2 sounds [p:a]. Sound [p:] - agree, hard, deaf. (blue card). It is also paired and pronounced long (blue card). The sound [a] is vowel, unstressed (scarlet card).
5) Emphasis is placed in the scheme.
6) So, the word “group” consists of 2 syllables, six letters and five sounds.
The ability to do the simplest sound analysis of a word is not something difficult, in fact it is a fairly simple process, but a lot depends on it, especially if the child has problems with diction. If you figure out how to do it correctly, it will help you pronounce words in native language without errors and will contribute to the development of the ability to write them down correctly.
Methodology for creating a word diagram. The article may be useful to parents and novice speech therapists.
After the child has learned to hear a vowel against the background of monosyllabic words, we practice drawing up a diagram of the word.
I use Grebenkina’s technique, replacing the color of the symbols.
The syllable structure and sound patterns of words are very important for a complete analysis.
We begin our work by analyzing words like “poppy”, “house”, “fox”.
Using the word “FOX” as an example:
Say the word slowly, in parts (warehouses) LI S.
How many parts does the word “break up” into?
How many sounds are there in the first part? In the second?
- “Write”, draw in the air.
Merger is an arc. The sound outside the merge is full stop.
Draw in your notebook (in the front lesson - on the board).
Mark the points inside the arc (2 sounds - 2 points).
Can we already say how many sounds there are in a word? (3 dots - 3 sounds).
Listen and tell me what vowel sound “lives” in the word “I”? In what place? (On the second) Color his “house” red (red circle).
Listen and tell me if there are soft consonant sounds in the word “FOX”? (-L). Tell about him. (consonant, soft, voiced). Explain why we call it sonorous? (there is a voice). Check: close your palm on the neck or ears.
Note: To select a vowel letter, the designation of voiced-voicelessness in the diagram is not necessary, since children focus only on the softness-hardness of the consonant (green and Blue colour). But for teaching complete phonemic analysis, this is mandatory.
IN speech group We make a word chart first of all to teach how to speak well:
Find and label the “house” of the sound “L” - a green, unfilled circle.
(Voiced sounds are unfilled circles and rings)
What hard consonant sound “lives” in a word? (-C) Tell me about him: consonant, hard, deaf. Explain why you think he agrees? (There is an air barrier in the mouth). Explain why you think he is loud? ( Vocal cords work, have a voice)
Name all the sounds in the word “FOX” in order. (-L -I -S) Sign the letters.
Using the word “BUGS” as an example.
Say the word slowly, in parts: ZHU KI.
- “Write” in the air. (Two arcs)
Write in your notebook.
Mark the points inside the arc. Can you already tell how many sounds there are in a word? (four)
Listen and say what vowel sounds “live” in this word. (-U, -I). Find them on the diagram and color their “houses” in red.
- “Call” the beetles (word) from afar: beetles. Which vowel sound was emphasized more strongly by your voice? What sound was “Struck” by the voice? (-I) Place emphasis on the diagram.
Divide the word into syllables: speak and clap the vowel sound. How many syllables did you get? Which one is the first? What's the second one? Separate the first syllable from the second with a vertical line in the diagram.
Does the word have soft consonants? (-Kb). Tell me about that sound. Find and label its “house” (green filled circle).
What hard consonant “lives” in the word “BUGS”? Tell us about it, find its “house” and color it (blue open circle)
Name the sounds in order. (-F -U -KY -I). Sign the letters.
Note: When dividing into syllables, you must remember that a syllable is a push of air and only a spoken word can be divided into syllables.
In Russian, all syllables tend to be open. Syllables: MAR-KA, MAY-KA, BEL-KA (sonorant is added to the first syllable), but children usually clap VE-TKA, MA-SKA correctly.
Sometimes children are taught to make a diagram of a word, as if “stringing” sounds one after another: they name the sound and designate it with a symbol sequentially. Experience shows that children then write by dictating letter by letter, and this leads to writing problems. Before writing, the child must “cover”, analyze the entire word and dictate in parts:
CONSTRUCTION
When dictating by syllable, verbal children often “lose” letters when combining consonants; the omission of vowels, common for all children at the beginning of learning, is also delayed.
Soboleva Natalya Vladimirovna,
teacher-speech therapist of the highest qualification categories
GBDOU No. 73, Kirov district,
Saint Petersburg
